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[ NOT ] BETWEEN¶
Returns TRUE
when the input expression (numeric or string) is within the specified lower and upper boundary.
Syntax¶
<expr> [ NOT ] BETWEEN <lower_bound> AND <upper_bound>
Arguments¶
expr
The input expression.
lower_bound
The lower boundary.
upper_bound
The upper boundary.
Returns¶
The function returns a value of type BOOLEAN.
Usage notes¶
expr BETWEEN lower_bound AND upper_bound
is equivalent toexpr >= lower_bound AND expr <= upper_bound
.The specified upper boundary must be greater than the lower boundary.
The data types of the argument values must be the same or compatible.
If the function implicitly casts a value to a different data type, it might return unexpected results.
For example, when
expr
is a TIMESTAMP value, and thelower_bound
andupper_bound
values are DATE values, the DATE values are implicitly cast to TIMESTAMP values, and the time is set to00:00:00
. For the following WHERE clause, assumetimestamp_column
is a column of type TIMESTAMP in a table:WHERE timestamp_column BETWEEN '2025-04-30' AND '2025-04-31'
When the DATE values are implicitly cast, the WHERE clause is interpreted as the following:
WHERE timestamp_column BETWEEN '2025-04-30 00:00:00' AND '2025-04-31 00:00:00'
With this WHERE clause, the function returns
FALSE
for virtually alltimestamp_column
values on 2025-04-31, which might not be intended. To avoid this specific issue, you can specify the next day forupper_bound
when you call the function:WHERE timestamp_column BETWEEN '2025-04-30' AND '2025-05-01'
Collation details¶
The expression A BETWEEN X AND Y
is equivalent to A >= X AND A <= Y
. The collations used for comparing
with X
and Y
are independent and do not need to be identical, but both need to be compatible with the
collation of A
.
Examples¶
Here are a few simple examples of using BETWEEN with numeric and string values:
SELECT 'true' WHERE 1 BETWEEN 0 AND 10;
+--------+
| 'TRUE' |
|--------|
| true |
+--------+
SELECT 'true' WHERE 1.35 BETWEEN 1 AND 2;
+--------+
| 'TRUE' |
|--------|
| true |
+--------+
SELECT 'true' WHERE 'the' BETWEEN 'that' AND 'then';
+--------+
| 'TRUE' |
|--------|
| true |
+--------+
The following examples use COLLATE with BETWEEN:
SELECT 'm' BETWEEN COLLATE('A', 'lower') AND COLLATE('Z', 'lower');
+-------------------------------------------------------------+
| 'M' BETWEEN COLLATE('A', 'LOWER') AND COLLATE('Z', 'LOWER') |
|-------------------------------------------------------------|
| True |
+-------------------------------------------------------------+
SELECT COLLATE('m', 'upper') BETWEEN 'A' AND 'Z';
+-------------------------------------------+
| COLLATE('M', 'UPPER') BETWEEN 'A' AND 'Z' |
|-------------------------------------------|
| True |
+-------------------------------------------+