Categories:: Conditional expression functions

[ NOT ] BETWEEN¶

Returns TRUE when the input expression (numeric or string) is within the specified lower and upper boundary.

Syntax¶

<expr> [ NOT ] BETWEEN <lower_bound> AND <upper_bound>

Arguments¶

expr: The input expression.
lower_bound: The lower boundary.
upper_bound: The upper boundary.

Returns¶

The function returns a value of type BOOLEAN.

Usage notes¶

expr BETWEEN lower_bound AND upper_bound is equivalent to expr >= lower_bound AND expr <= upper_bound.
The data types of the argument values must be the same or compatible.

If the function implicitly casts a value to a different data type, it might return unexpected results.

For example, when expr is a TIMESTAMP value, and the lower_bound and upper_bound values are DATE values, the DATE values are implicitly cast to TIMESTAMP values, and the time is set to 00:00:00. For the following WHERE clause, assume timestamp_column is a column of type TIMESTAMP in a table:
```
WHERE timestamp_column BETWEEN '2025-04-30' AND '2025-04-31'
```
When the DATE values are implicitly cast, the WHERE clause is interpreted as the following:
```
WHERE timestamp_column BETWEEN '2025-04-30 00:00:00' AND '2025-04-31 00:00:00'
```
With this WHERE clause, the function returns FALSE for virtually all timestamp_column values on 2025-04-31, which might not be intended. To avoid this specific issue, you can specify the next day for upper_bound when you call the function:
```
WHERE timestamp_column BETWEEN '2025-04-30' AND '2025-05-01'
```

Collation details¶

The expression A BETWEEN X AND Y is equivalent to A >= X AND A <= Y. The collations used for comparing with X and Y are independent and do not need to be identical, but both need to be compatible with the collation of A.

Examples¶

Here are a few simple examples of using BETWEEN with numeric and string values:

SELECT 'true' WHERE 1 BETWEEN 0 AND 10;

+--------+
| 'TRUE' |
|--------|
| true   |
+--------+

SELECT 'true' WHERE 1.35 BETWEEN 1 AND 2;

+--------+
| 'TRUE' |
|--------|
| true   |
+--------+

SELECT 'true' WHERE 'the' BETWEEN 'that' AND 'then';

+--------+
| 'TRUE' |
|--------|
| true   |
+--------+

The following examples use COLLATE with BETWEEN:

SELECT 'm' BETWEEN COLLATE('A', 'lower') AND COLLATE('Z', 'lower');

+-------------------------------------------------------------+
| 'M' BETWEEN COLLATE('A', 'LOWER') AND COLLATE('Z', 'LOWER') |
|-------------------------------------------------------------|
| True                                                        |
+-------------------------------------------------------------+

SELECT COLLATE('m', 'upper') BETWEEN 'A' AND 'Z';

+-------------------------------------------+
| COLLATE('M', 'UPPER') BETWEEN 'A' AND 'Z' |
|-------------------------------------------|
| True                                      |
+-------------------------------------------+