Categories:: Bitwise expression functions

BITOR¶

Returns the bitwise OR of two numeric or binary expressions.

Aliases:: BIT_OR
See also:: BITOR_AGG

Syntax¶

BITOR( <expr1> , <expr2> [ , '<padside>' ] )

Copy

Arguments¶

expr1

This expression must evaluate to an INTEGER value, a BINARY value, or a value of a data type that can be cast to an INTEGER value.

expr2

This expression must evaluate to an INTEGER value, a BINARY value, or a value of a data type that can be cast to an INTEGER value.

'padside'

When two BINARY argument values are not the same length, specifies which side to pad the value with the shorter length. Specify one of the following case-insensitive values:

LEFT - Pad the value on the left.
RIGHT - Pad the value on the right.

The shorter value is padded with zeros so that it equals the length of the larger value.

This argument is valid only when BINARY expressions are specified.

If the length of two BINARY values are different, this argument is required.

Returns¶

Returns an INTEGER value, a BINARY value, or NULL:

When the input expressions contain INTEGER values, returns an INTEGER value that represents the bitwise OR of the input expressions.
When the input expressions contain BINARY values, returns a BINARY value that represents the bitwise OR of the input expressions.
If either input value is NULL, returns NULL.

Usage notes¶

Both input expressions must evaluate to a value of the same data type, either INTEGER or BINARY.
If the data type of either argument is numeric but not INTEGER (e.g. FLOAT, DECIMAL, etc.), then the argument is cast to an INTEGER value.
If the data type of either argument is a string (e.g. VARCHAR), then the argument is cast to an INTEGER value if possible. For example, the string 12.3 is cast to 12. If the value cannot be cast to an INTEGER value, then the value is treated as NULL.
The function does not implicitly cast arguments to BINARY values.

Examples¶

The following sections contain examples for INTEGER argument values and BINARY argument values.

Using BITAND, BITOR, and BITXOR with INTEGER argument values¶

Create a simple table and insert the data:

CREATE OR REPLACE TABLE bits (ID INTEGER, bit1 INTEGER, bit2 INTEGER);

Copy

INSERT INTO bits (ID, bit1, bit2) VALUES 
  (   11,    1,     1),    -- Bits are all the same.
  (   24,    2,     4),    -- Bits are all different.
  (   42,    4,     2),    -- Bits are all different.
  ( 1624,   16,    24),    -- Bits overlap.
  (65504,    0, 65504),    -- Lots of bits (all but the low 6 bits).
  (    0, NULL,  NULL)     -- No bits.
  ;

Copy

Run the query:

SELECT bit1, 
       bit2, 
       BITAND(bit1, bit2), 
       BITOR(bit1, bit2), 
       BITXOR(bit1, BIT2)
  FROM bits
  ORDER BY bit1;

Copy

+------+-------+--------------------+-------------------+--------------------+
| BIT1 |  BIT2 | BITAND(BIT1, BIT2) | BITOR(BIT1, BIT2) | BITXOR(BIT1, BIT2) |
|------+-------+--------------------+-------------------+--------------------|
|    0 | 65504 |                  0 |             65504 |              65504 |
|    1 |     1 |                  1 |                 1 |                  0 |
|    2 |     4 |                  0 |                 6 |                  6 |
|    4 |     2 |                  0 |                 6 |                  6 |
|   16 |    24 |                 16 |                24 |                  8 |
| NULL |  NULL |               NULL |              NULL |               NULL |
+------+-------+--------------------+-------------------+--------------------+

Using BITAND, BITOR, and BITXOR with BINARY argument values¶

Create a simple table and insert the data:

CREATE OR REPLACE TABLE bits (ID INTEGER, bit1 BINARY(2), bit2 BINARY(2), bit3 BINARY(4));

INSERT INTO bits VALUES
  (1, x'1010', x'0101', x'11001010'),
  (2, x'1100', x'0011', x'01011010'),
  (3, x'BCBC', x'EEFF', x'ABCDABCD'),
  (4, NULL, NULL, NULL);

Copy

Note

The BINARY values are inserted using the x'value' notation, where value contains hexadecimal digits. For more information, see Binary input and output.

Run a query on BINARY columns of the same length:

SELECT bit1,
       bit2,
       BITAND(bit1, bit2),
       BITOR(bit1, bit2),
       BITXOR(bit1, bit2)
  FROM bits;

Copy

+------+------+--------------------+-------------------+--------------------+
| BIT1 | BIT2 | BITAND(BIT1, BIT2) | BITOR(BIT1, BIT2) | BITXOR(BIT1, BIT2) |
|------+------+--------------------+-------------------+--------------------|
| 1010 | 0101 | 0000               | 1111              | 1111               |
| 1100 | 0011 | 0000               | 1111              | 1111               |
| BCBC | EEFF | ACBC               | FEFF              | 5243               |
| NULL | NULL | NULL               | NULL              | NULL               |
+------+------+--------------------+-------------------+--------------------+

If you try to run a query on BINARY columns of different lengths without specifying the 'padside' argument, an error is returned:

SELECT bit1,
       bit3,
       BITAND(bit1, bit3),
       BITOR(bit1, bit3),
       BITXOR(bit1, bit3)
  FROM bits;

Copy

100544 (22026): The lengths of two variable-sized fields do not match: first length 2, second length 4

Run a query on BINARY columns of different lengths, and pad the smaller argument value on the left:

SELECT bit1,
       bit3,
       BITAND(bit1, bit3, 'LEFT'),
       BITOR(bit1, bit3, 'LEFT'),
       BITXOR(bit1, bit3, 'LEFT')
  FROM bits;

Copy

+------+----------+----------------------------+---------------------------+----------------------------+
| BIT1 | BIT3     | BITAND(BIT1, BIT3, 'LEFT') | BITOR(BIT1, BIT3, 'LEFT') | BITXOR(BIT1, BIT3, 'LEFT') |
|------+----------+----------------------------+---------------------------+----------------------------|
| 1010 | 11001010 | 00001010                   | 11001010                  | 11000000                   |
| 1100 | 01011010 | 00001000                   | 01011110                  | 01010110                   |
| BCBC | ABCDABCD | 0000A88C                   | ABCDBFFD                  | ABCD1771                   |
| NULL | NULL     | NULL                       | NULL                      | NULL                       |
+------+----------+----------------------------+---------------------------+----------------------------+

Run a query on BINARY columns of different lengths, and pad the smaller argument value on the right:

SELECT bit1,
       bit3,
       BITAND(bit1, bit3, 'RIGHT'),
       BITOR(bit1, bit3, 'RIGHT'),
       BITXOR(bit1, bit3, 'RIGHT')
  FROM bits;

Copy

+------+----------+-----------------------------+----------------------------+-----------------------------+
| BIT1 | BIT3     | BITAND(BIT1, BIT3, 'RIGHT') | BITOR(BIT1, BIT3, 'RIGHT') | BITXOR(BIT1, BIT3, 'RIGHT') |
|------+----------+-----------------------------+----------------------------+-----------------------------|
| 1010 | 11001010 | 10000000                    | 11101010                   | 01101010                    |
| 1100 | 01011010 | 01000000                    | 11011010                   | 10011010                    |
| BCBC | ABCDABCD | A88C0000                    | BFFDABCD                   | 1771ABCD                    |
| NULL | NULL     | NULL                        | NULL                       | NULL                        |
+------+----------+-----------------------------+----------------------------+-----------------------------+