EXECUTE IMMEDIATE FROM¶

Syntax¶

EXECUTE IMMEDIATE
  FROM { absoluteFilePath | relativeFilePath }

Where:

absoluteFilePath ::=
   @[ <namespace>. ]<stage_name>/<path>/<filename>

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relativeFilePath ::=
  '[ { ./ | / | { ../ [ , ../, ... ] } } ]<path>/<filename>'

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Returns¶

EXECUTE IMMEDIATE FROM returns:

• The result of the last statement in the file if all statements are successfully executed.

• The error message, if any statement in the file failed.

  If there is an error in any statement in the file, the EXECUTE IMMEDIATE FROM command fails and returns the error message of the failed statement.

  Note

  If the EXECUTE IMMEDIATE FROM command fails and returns an error message, any statements in the file prior to the failed statement have successfully completed.

Access Control Requirements¶

• The role used to execute the EXECUTE IMMEDIATE FROM command must have the USAGE (external stage) or READ (internal stage) privilege on the stage where the file is located.

• The role used to execute the file can only execute the statements in the file for which it has privileges. For example, if there is a CREATE TABLE statement in the file, the role must have the necessary privileges to create a table in the account or the statement fails.

Note that operating on any object in a schema also requires the USAGE privilege on the parent database and schema.

For instructions on creating a custom role with a specified set of privileges, see Creating custom roles.

For general information about roles and privilege grants for performing SQL actions on securable objects, see Overview of Access Control.

Usage Notes¶

• The SQL statements in a file to be executed can include EXECUTE IMMEDIATE FROM statements:

  • Nested EXECUTE IMMEDIATE FROM statements can use relative file paths.

    Relative paths are evaluated in respect to the stage and file path of the parent file. If the relative file path starts with /, the path starts at the root directory of the stage containing the parent file.

    For an example, see Examples.

  • Relative file paths must be enclosed in single quotes (') or $$.

  • The maximum execution depth for nested files is 5.

• Absolute file paths can optionally be enclosed in single quotes (') or $$.

• The file to be executed cannot be larger than 10MB in size.

• The file to be executed must be encoded in UTF-8.

• The file to be executed must be uncompressed. If you use the PUT command to upload a file to an internal stage, you must explicitly set the AUTO_COMPRESS parameter to FALSE.

  For example, upload my_file.sql to my_stage:

  PUT file://~/sql/scripts/my_file.sql @my_stage/scripts/
    AUTO_COMPRESS=FALSE;
  

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• The execution of all files in a directory is not supported. For example, EXECUTE IMMEDIATE FROM @stage_name/scripts/ results in an error.

Troubleshooting EXECUTE IMMEDIATE FROM Errors¶

This section contains some common errors that result from an EXECUTE IMMEDIATE FROM statement and how you can resolve them.

• File Errors

• Stage Errors

• Access Control Errors

001501 (02000): File '<directory_name>' not found in stage '<stage_name>'.

001503 (42601): Relative file references like '<filename.sql>' cannot be used in top-level EXECUTE IMMEDIATE calls.

001003 (42000): SQL compilation error: syntax error line <n> at position <m> unexpected '<string>'.

002003 (02000): SQL compilation error: Stage '<stage_name>' does not exist or not authorized.

003001 (42501): Uncaught exception of type 'STATEMENT_ERROR' in file <file_name> on line <n> at position <m>:
SQL access control error: Insufficient privileges to operate on schema '<schema_name>'

Examples¶

This example executes the file create-inventory.sql located in stage my_stage.

1. Create a file named create-inventory.sql with the following statements:

   CREATE OR REPLACE TABLE my_inventory(
     sku VARCHAR,
     price NUMBER
   );
   
   EXECUTE IMMEDIATE FROM './insert-inventory.sql';
   
   SELECT sku, price
     FROM my_inventory
     ORDER BY price DESC;
   

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2. Create a file named insert-inventory.sql with the following statements:

   INSERT INTO my_inventory
     VALUES ('XYZ12345', 10.00),
            ('XYZ81974', 50.00),
            ('XYZ34985', 30.00),
            ('XYZ15324', 15.00);
   

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3. Create an internal stage my_stage:

   CREATE STAGE my_stage;
   

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4. Upload both local files to the stage using the PUT command:

   PUT file://~/sql/scripts/create-inventory.sql @my_stage/scripts/
     AUTO_COMPRESS=FALSE;
   
   PUT file://~/sql/scripts/insert-inventory.sql @my_stage/scripts/
     AUTO_COMPRESS=FALSE;
   

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5. Execute the create-inventory.sql script located in my_stage:

   EXECUTE IMMEDIATE FROM @my_stage/scripts/create-inventory.sql;
   

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   Returns:

   +----------+-------+
   | SKU      | PRICE |
   |----------+-------|
   | XYZ81974 |    50 |
   | XYZ34985 |    30 |
   | XYZ15324 |    15 |
   | XYZ12345 |    10 |
   +----------+-------+