CREATE STORAGE INTEGRATION

Creates a new storage integration in the account or replaces an existing integration.

A storage integration is a Snowflake object that stores a generated identity and access management (IAM) entity for your external cloud storage, along with an optional set of allowed or blocked storage locations (Amazon S3, Google Cloud Storage, or Microsoft Azure). Cloud provider administrators in your organization grant permissions on the storage locations to the generated entity. This option allows users to avoid supplying credentials when creating stages or when loading or unloading data.

A single storage integration can support multiple external stages. The URL in the stage definition must align with the storage location specified for the STORAGE_ALLOWED_LOCATIONS parameter.

Note

  • Storage integrations can be configured to support Amazon S3, Google Cloud Storage, or Microsoft Azure cloud storage regardless of the cloud provider that hosts your Snowflake account. If your cloud storage is located on a different cloud platform from your Snowflake account, the storage location must be in the public cloud and not a virtual private environment.

    Cloud providers charge for data transferred out of their own network. To recover these expenses, Snowflake charges a per-byte fee when you unload data from Snowflake (hosted on Amazon Web Services (AWS), Google Cloud Platform, or Microsoft Azure) into an external stage in a different region or different cloud provider. Snowflake does not charge for data ingress (i.e. when loading data into Snowflake). For details, see the pricing page (on the Snowflake website).

  • Currently, accessing cloud storage in a government region using a storage integration is limited to Snowflake accounts hosted in the same government region. Accessing your cloud storage from an account hosted outside of the government region using direct credentials is supported.

See also:

ALTER STORAGE INTEGRATION , DROP INTEGRATION , SHOW INTEGRATIONS

Syntax

CREATE [ OR REPLACE ] STORAGE INTEGRATION [IF NOT EXISTS]
  <name>
  TYPE = EXTERNAL_STAGE
  cloudProviderParams
  ENABLED = { TRUE | FALSE }
  STORAGE_ALLOWED_LOCATIONS = ('<cloud>://<bucket>/<path>/' [ , '<cloud>://<bucket>/<path>/' ... ] )
  [ STORAGE_BLOCKED_LOCATIONS = ('<cloud>://<bucket>/<path>/' [ , '<cloud>://<bucket>/<path>/' ... ] ) ]
  [ COMMENT = '<string_literal>' ]
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Where:

cloudProviderParams (for Amazon S3) ::=
  STORAGE_PROVIDER = 'S3'
  STORAGE_AWS_ROLE_ARN = '<iam_role>'
  [ STORAGE_AWS_OBJECT_ACL = 'bucket-owner-full-control' ]
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cloudProviderParams (for Google Cloud Storage) ::=
  STORAGE_PROVIDER = 'GCS'
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cloudProviderParams (for Microsoft Azure) ::=
  STORAGE_PROVIDER = 'AZURE'
  AZURE_TENANT_ID = '<tenant_id>'
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Required Parameters

name

String that specifies the identifier (i.e. name) for the integration; must be unique in your account.

In addition, the identifier must start with an alphabetic character and cannot contain spaces or special characters unless the entire identifier string is enclosed in double quotes (e.g. "My object"). Identifiers enclosed in double quotes are also case-sensitive.

For more details, see Identifier requirements.

TYPE = EXTERNAL_STAGE

Specify the type of integration:

  • EXTERNAL_STAGE: Creates an interface between Snowflake and an external cloud storage location.

ENABLED = TRUE | FALSE

Specifies whether this storage integration is available for usage in stages.

  • TRUE allows users to create new stages that reference this integration. Existing stages that reference this integration function normally.

  • FALSE prevents users from creating new stages that reference this integration. Existing stages that reference this integration cannot access the storage location in the stage definition.

STORAGE_ALLOWED_LOCATIONS = ('cloud_specific_url')

Explicitly limits external stages that use the integration to reference one or more storage locations (i.e. S3 bucket, GCS bucket, or Azure container). Supports a comma-separated list of URLs for existing buckets and, optionally, paths used to store data files for loading/unloading. Alternatively supports the * wildcard, meaning “allow access to all buckets and/or paths”.

Note that if the STORAGE_ALLOWED_LOCATIONS value includes a specific storage location, all subpaths in the same location must be allowed. No subpath can be included in a STORAGE_BLOCKED_LOCATIONS value. For example, if STORAGE_ALLOWED_LOCATIONS includes storage_location/, then STORAGE_BLOCKED_LOCATIONS cannot include storage_location/path1/. Likewise, if STORAGE_ALLOWED_LOCATIONS includes storage_location/path1/, then STORAGE_BLOCKED_LOCATIONS cannot include storage_location/path1/path2/, and so on.

Amazon S3

STORAGE_ALLOWED_LOCATIONS = ( 's3://bucket/path/' [ , 's3://bucket/path/' ... ] ) | STORAGE_ALLOWED_LOCATIONS = ( 's3gov://bucket/path/' [ , 's3gov://bucket/path/' ... ] )

  • The s3 prefix refers to S3 storage in public AWS regions.

    The s3gov prefix refers to S3 storage in government regions.

  • bucket is the name of an S3 bucket that stores your data files (e.g. mybucket).

  • path is an optional case-sensitive path for files in the cloud storage location (i.e. files have names that begin with a common string) that limits access to a set of files. Paths are alternatively called prefixes or folders by different cloud storage services.

Google Cloud Storage

STORAGE_ALLOWED_LOCATIONS = ( 'gcs://bucket/path/' [ , 'gcs://bucket/path/' ... ] )

  • bucket is the name of a GCS bucket that stores your data files (e.g. mybucket).

  • path is an optional case-sensitive path for files in the cloud storage location (i.e. files have names that begin with a common string) that limits access to a set of files. Paths are alternatively called prefixes or folders by different cloud storage services.

Microsoft Azure

STORAGE_ALLOWED_LOCATIONS = ( 'azure://account.blob.core.windows.net/container/path/' [ , 'azure://account.blob.core.windows.net/container/path/' ... ] )

  • account is the name of the Azure storage account (e.g. myaccount). Use the blob.core.windows.net endpoint for all supported types of Azure blob storage accounts, including Data Lake Storage Gen2.

  • container is the name of a Azure blob storage container that stores your data files (e.g. mycontainer).

  • path is an optional case-sensitive path for files in the cloud storage location (i.e. files have names that begin with a common string) that limits access to a set of files. Paths are alternatively called prefixes or folders by different cloud storage services.

Optional Parameters

STORAGE_BLOCKED_LOCATIONS = ('cloud_specific_url')

Explicitly prohibits external stages that use the integration from referencing one or more storage locations (i.e. S3 buckets or GCS buckets). Supports a comma-separated list of URLs for existing storage locations and, optionally, paths used to store data files for loading/unloading. Commonly used when STORAGE_ALLOWED_LOCATIONS is set to the * wildcard, allowing access to all buckets in your account except for blocked storage locations and, optionally, paths.

Note

Make sure to enclose only individual cloud storage location URLs in quotes. If you enclose the entire STORAGE_BLOCKED_LOCATIONS value in quotes, the value is invalid. As a result, the STORAGE_BLOCKED_LOCATIONS parameter setting is ignored when users create stages that reference the storage integration.

Amazon S3

STORAGE_BLOCKED_LOCATIONS = ( 's3://bucket/path/' [ , 's3://bucket/path/' ... ] ) | STORAGE_ALLOWED_LOCATIONS = ( 's3gov://bucket/path/' [ , 's3gov://bucket/path/' ... ] )

  • The s3 prefix refers to S3 storage in public AWS regions.

    The s3gov prefix refers to S3 storage in government regions.

  • bucket is the name of an S3 bucket that stores your data files (e.g. mybucket).

  • path is an optional path (or directory) in the bucket that further limits access to the data files.

Google Cloud Storage

STORAGE_BLOCKED_LOCATIONS = ( 'gcs://bucket/path/' [ , 'gcs://bucket/path/' ... ] )

  • bucket is the name of a GCS bucket that stores your data files (e.g. mybucket).

  • path is an optional path (or directory) in the bucket that further limits access to the data files.

Microsoft Azure

STORAGE_BLOCKED_LOCATIONS = ( 'azure://account.blob.core.windows.net/container/path/' [ , 'azure://account.blob.core.windows.net/container/path/' ... ] )

  • account is the name of the Azure storage account (e.g. myaccount).

  • container is the name of a Azure blob storage container that stores your data files (e.g. mycontainer).

  • path is an optional path (or directory) in the bucket that further limits access to the data files.

COMMENT = 'string_literal'

String (literal) that specifies a comment for the integration.

Default: No value

Cloud Provider Parameters (cloudProviderParams)

Amazon S3

STORAGE_PROVIDER = { S3 | S3GOV }

Specifies the cloud storage provider that stores your data files:

  • S3: S3 storage in public AWS regions.

  • S3GOV: S3 storage in AWS government regions.

STORAGE_AWS_ROLE_ARN = iam_role

Specifies the Amazon Resource Name (ARN) of the AWS identity and access management (IAM) role that grants privileges on the S3 bucket containing your data files. For more information, see Configuring Secure Access to Amazon S3.

STORAGE_AWS_OBJECT_ACL = 'bucket-owner-full-control'

Enables support for AWS access control lists (ACLs) to grant the bucket owner full control. Files created in Amazon S3 buckets from unloaded table data are owned by an AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM) role. ACLs support the use case where IAM roles in one AWS account are configured to access S3 buckets in one or more other AWS accounts. Without ACL support, users in the bucket-owner accounts could not access the data files unloaded to an external (S3) stage using a storage integration.

When users unload Snowflake table data to data files in an S3 stage using COPY INTO <location>, the unload operation applies an ACL to the unloaded data files. The data files apply the "s3:x-amz-acl":"bucket-owner-full-control" privilege to the files, granting the S3 bucket owner full control over them.

Google Cloud Storage

STORAGE_PROVIDER = 'GCS'

Specifies the cloud storage provider that stores your data files.

Microsoft Azure

STORAGE_PROVIDER = 'AZURE'

Specifies the cloud storage provider that stores your data files.

AZURE_TENANT_ID = 'tenant_id'

Specifies the ID for your Office 365 tenant that the allowed and blocked storage accounts belong to. A storage integration can authenticate to only one tenant, and so the allowed and blocked storage locations must refer to storage accounts that all belong this tenant.

To find your tenant ID, log into the Azure portal and click Azure Active Directory » Properties. The tenant ID is displayed in the Tenant ID field.

Access Control Requirements

A role used to execute this SQL command must have the following privileges at a minimum:

Privilege

Object

Notes

CREATE INTEGRATION

Account

Only the ACCOUNTADMIN role has this privilege by default. The privilege can be granted to additional roles as needed.

For instructions on creating a custom role with a specified set of privileges, see Creating Custom Roles.

For general information about roles and privilege grants for performing SQL actions on securable objects, see Overview of Access Control.

Usage Notes

Caution

Recreating a storage integration (using CREATE OR REPLACE STORAGE INTEGRATION) breaks the association between the storage integration and any stage that references it. This is because a stage links to a storage integration using a hidden ID rather than the name of the storage integration. Behind the scenes, the CREATE OR REPLACE syntax drops the object and recreates it with a different hidden ID.

If you must recreate a storage integration after it has been linked to one or more stages, you must reestablish the association between each stage and the storage integration by executing ALTER STAGE stage_name SET STORAGE_INTEGRATION = storage_integration_name, where:

  • stage_name is the name of the stage.

  • storage_integration_name is the name of the storage integration.

  • Regarding metadata:

    Attention

    Customers should ensure that no personal data (other than for a User object), sensitive data, export-controlled data, or other regulated data is entered as metadata when using the Snowflake service. For more information, see Metadata Fields in Snowflake.

  • CREATE OR REPLACE <object> statements are atomic. That is, when an object is replaced, the old object is deleted and the new object is created in a single transaction.

Examples

The following example creates an integration that explicitly limits external stages that use the integration to reference either of two buckets and paths:

Amazon S3

CREATE STORAGE INTEGRATION s3_int
  TYPE = EXTERNAL_STAGE
  STORAGE_PROVIDER = 'S3'
  STORAGE_AWS_ROLE_ARN = 'arn:aws:iam::001234567890:role/myrole'
  ENABLED = TRUE
  STORAGE_ALLOWED_LOCATIONS = ('s3://mybucket1/path1/', 's3://mybucket2/path2/');
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Google Cloud Storage

CREATE STORAGE INTEGRATION gcs_int
  TYPE = EXTERNAL_STAGE
  STORAGE_PROVIDER = 'GCS'
  ENABLED = TRUE
  STORAGE_ALLOWED_LOCATIONS = ('gcs://mybucket1/path1/', 'gcs://mybucket2/path2/');
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Microsoft Azure

CREATE STORAGE INTEGRATION azure_int
  TYPE = EXTERNAL_STAGE
  STORAGE_PROVIDER = 'AZURE'
  ENABLED = TRUE
  AZURE_TENANT_ID = '<tenant_id>'
  STORAGE_ALLOWED_LOCATIONS = ('azure://myaccount.blob.core.windows.net/mycontainer/path1/', 'azure://myaccount.blob.core.windows.net/mycontainer/path2/');
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The following example creates an integration that allows external stages that use the integration to reference any bucket and path in your account except for those that are explicitly blocked:

Amazon S3

CREATE STORAGE INTEGRATION s3_int
  TYPE = EXTERNAL_STAGE
  STORAGE_PROVIDER = 'S3'
  STORAGE_AWS_ROLE_ARN = 'arn:aws:iam::001234567890:role/myrole'
  ENABLED = TRUE
  STORAGE_ALLOWED_LOCATIONS = ('*')
  STORAGE_BLOCKED_LOCATIONS = ('s3://mybucket3/path3/', 's3://mybucket4/path4/');
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Google Cloud Storage

CREATE STORAGE INTEGRATION gcs_int
  TYPE = EXTERNAL_STAGE
  STORAGE_PROVIDER = 'GCS'
  ENABLED = TRUE
  STORAGE_ALLOWED_LOCATIONS = ('*')
  STORAGE_BLOCKED_LOCATIONS = ('gcs://mybucket3/path3/', 'gcs://mybucket4/path4/');
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Microsoft Azure

CREATE STORAGE INTEGRATION azure_int
  TYPE = EXTERNAL_STAGE
  STORAGE_PROVIDER = 'AZURE'
  ENABLED = TRUE
  AZURE_TENANT_ID = 'a123b4c5-1234-123a-a12b-1a23b45678c9'
  STORAGE_ALLOWED_LOCATIONS = ('*')
  STORAGE_BLOCKED_LOCATIONS = ('azure://myaccount.blob.core.windows.net/mycontainer/path3/', 'azure://myaccount.blob.core.windows.net/mycontainer/path4/');
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