Categories:

Aggregate functions (Bitwise) , Window functions (General) , Bitwise expression functions

BITXOR_AGGΒΆ

Returns the bitwise XOR value of all non-NULL numeric records in a group.

In each bit position, if an even number of rows have that bit set to 1, then the function returns 0 for that bit, and if an odd number of rows have that bit set to 1, then the function returns 1 for that bit.

If all records inside the group are NULL, or if the group is empty, the function returns NULL.

Aliases:

BITXORAGG , BIT_XOR_AGG, BIT_XORAGG

See also:

BITAND_AGG , BITOR_AGG

BITXOR

SyntaxΒΆ

Aggregate function

BITXOR_AGG( [ DISTINCT ] <expr1> )
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Window function

BITXOR_AGG( [ DISTINCT ] <expr1> ) OVER ( [ PARTITION BY <expr2> ] )
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ArgumentsΒΆ

expr1

This expression must evaluate to a numeric value or a value of a data type that can be cast to a numeric value.

expr2

This expression is used to group the rows in partitions.

ReturnsΒΆ

The data type of the returned value is NUMBER(38, 0).

Usage notesΒΆ

  • Numeric values are aggregated to the nearest INTEGER data type. Decimal and floating-point values are rounded to the nearest integer before aggregation.

  • Aggregating a character/text column (data type VARCHAR, CHAR, STRING, etc.) implicitly casts the input values to FLOAT, then rounds the values to the nearest integer. If the cast is not possible, the value is treated as NULL.

  • The DISTINCT keyword can be specified for these functions, but it does not have any effect.

  • When used as a window function, this function does not support:

    • ORDER BY sub-clause in the OVER clause.

    • Window frames.

ExamplesΒΆ

Create the table and load the data:

CREATE OR REPLACE TABLE bitwise_example
  (k INT, d DECIMAL(10,5), s1 VARCHAR(10), s2 VARCHAR(10));

INSERT INTO bitwise_example VALUES
  (15, 1.1, '12','one'),
  (26, 2.9, '10','two'),
  (12, 7.1, '7.9','two'),
  (14, NULL, NULL,'null'),
  (8, NULL, NULL, 'null'),
  (NULL, 9.1, '14','nine');
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Display the data:

SELECT k AS k_col, d AS d_col, s1, s2
  FROM bitwise_example
  ORDER BY k_col;
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+-------+---------+------+------+
| K_COL |   D_COL | S1   | S2   |
|-------+---------+------+------|
|     8 |    NULL | NULL | null |
|    12 | 7.10000 | 7.9  | two  |
|    14 |    NULL | NULL | null |
|    15 | 1.10000 | 12   | one  |
|    26 | 2.90000 | 10   | two  |
|  NULL | 9.10000 | 14   | nine |
+-------+---------+------+------+

Query the data:

SELECT BITXOR_AGG(k), 
       BITXOR_AGG(d), 
       BITXOR_AGG(s1) 
  FROM bitwise_example;
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+---------------+---------------+----------------+
| BITXOR_AGG(K) | BITXOR_AGG(D) | BITXOR_AGG(S1) |
|---------------+---------------+----------------|
|            31 |            12 |              0 |
+---------------+---------------+----------------+

Query the data and use a GROUP BY clause:

SELECT s2, 
       BITXOR_AGG(k), 
       BITXOR_AGG(d) 
  FROM bitwise_example 
  GROUP BY s2
  ORDER BY 3;
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+------+---------------+---------------+
| S2   | BITXOR_AGG(K) | BITXOR_AGG(D) |
|------+---------------+---------------|
| one  |            15 |             1 |
| two  |            22 |             4 |
| nine |          NULL |             9 |
| null |             6 |          NULL |
+------+---------------+---------------+

If you pass this function strings that can’t be converted to NUMBER values, an error is returned:

SELECT BITXOR_AGG(s2) FROM bitwise_example;
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100038 (22018): Numeric value 'one' is not recognized
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