Using the Snowpark Python DB-API
With the Snowpark Python DB-API, Snowpark Python users can programmatically pull data from external databases into Snowflake. The DB-API includes:
Python DB-API support: Connect to external databases using Python’s standard DB-API 2.0 drivers.
Streamlined setup: Use pip to install the necessary drivers, with no need to manage additional dependencies.
With these APIs, you can seamlessly pull data into Snowflake tables and transform it using Snowpark DataFrames for advanced analytics.
The DB-API can be used in a similar way as the Spark JDBC API. Most parameters are designed to be identical or similar for better parity. At the same time, Snowpark emphasizes a Python-first design with intuitive naming conventions that avoid JDBC-specific configurations. This provides Python developers with a familiar experience. For more information that compares the Snowpark Python DB-API with the Spark JDBC API, see the following table:
Understanding parallelism
The Snowpark Python DB-API has two underlying forms of ingestion mechanisms:
- Local ingestion
In local ingestion, Snowpark first fetches data from external sources to your local environment, where the dbapi() function is called and
converts them to Parquet files. Next, Snowpark uploads these Parquet files to a temporary Snowflake stage and copies them into a temporary
table from the stage.
- UDTF ingestion
In UDTF ingestion, all workloads run on the Snowflake server. Snowpark first creates a UDTF and executes it, and the UDTF directly
ingests data into Snowflake and stores it in a temporary table.
The Snowpark Python DB-API also has two ways to parallelize and accelerate ingestion:
- Partition column
This method divides source data into multiple partitions based on four parameters when users call dbapi():
column
lower_bound
upper_bound
num_partitions
These four parameters have to be set at the same time and column must be numeric or date type.
- Predicates
This method divides source data into partitions based on parameter predicates, which are a list of expressions suitable for inclusion
in WHERE clauses, where each expression defines a partition. Predicates provide a more flexible way of dividing partitions; for example,
you can divide partitions on Boolean or non-numeric columns.
The Snowpark Python DB-API also allows the adjustment of parallelism level within a partition:
- Fetch_size
Within a partition, the API fetches rows in chunks defined by fetch_size. These rows are written to Snowflake in parallel as they are
fetched, which allows reading and writing to overlap and maximizes throughput.
By combining the listed methods of ingestion and parallelism, Snowflake has four ways of ingestion:
Local ingestion with partition column
df_local_par_column = session.read.dbapi(
create_connection,
table="target_table",
fetch_size=100000,
num_partitions=4,
column="ID", # Swap with the column you want your partition based on
upper_bound=10000,
lower_bound=0
)
Local ingestion with predicates
df_local_predicates = session.read.dbapi(
create_connection,
table="target_table",
fetch_size=100000,
predicates=[
"ID < 3",
"ID >= 3"
]
)
UDTF ingestion with partition column
udtf_configs = {
"external_access_integration": "<your external access integration>"
}
df_udtf_par_column = session.read.dbapi(
create_connection,
table="target_table",
udtf_configs=udtf_configs,
fetch_size=100000,
num_partitions=4,
column="ID", # Swap with the column you want your partition based on
upper_bound=10000,
lower_bound=0
)
UDTF ingestion with predicates
udtf_configs = {
"external_access_integration": "<your external access integration>"
}
df_udtf_predicates = session.read.dbapi(
create_dbx_connection,
table="target_table",
udtf_configs=udtf_configs,
fetch_size=100000,
predicates=[
"ID < 3",
"ID >= 3"
]
)
SQL Server
To connect to SQL Server from Snowpark, you need the following three packages:
The following code examples show how to connect to SQL Server from a Snowpark client and a stored procedure.
Use the DB-API to connect to SQL Server from a Snowpark client
Install the Python SQL Driver:
/bin/bash -c "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Homebrew/install/master/install.sh)"
brew tap microsoft/mssql-release https://github.com/Microsoft/homebrew-mssql-release
brew update
HOMEBREW_ACCEPT_EULA=Y brew install msodbcsql mssql-tools
Install snowflake-snowpark-python[pandas] and pyodbc:
pip install snowflake-snowpark-python[pandas]
pip install pyodbc
Define the factory method for creating a connection to SQL Server:
def create_sql_server_connection():
import pyodbc
SERVER = "<your host name>"
PORT = <your port>
UID = "<your user name>"
PWD = "<your password>"
DATABASE = "<your database name>"
connection_str = (
f"DRIVER={{ODBC Driver 18 for SQL Server}};"
f"SERVER={SERVER}:{PORT};"
f"UID={UID};"
f"PWD={PWD};"
f"DATABASE={DATABASE};"
"TrustServerCertificate=yes"
"Encrypt=yes"
# Optional to identify source of queries
"APP=snowflake-snowpark-python;"
)
connection = pyodbc.connect(connection_str)
return connection
# Feel free to combine local/udtf ingestion and partition column/predicates as
# stated in the understanding parallelism section
# Call dbapi to pull data from target table
df = session.read.dbapi(
create_sql_server_connection,
table="target_table"
)
# Call dbapi to pull data from target query
df_query = session.read.dbapi(
create_sql_server_connection,
query="select * from target_table"
)
# Pull data from target table with parallelism using partition column
df_local_par_column = session.read.dbapi(
create_sql_server_connection,
table="target_table",
fetch_size=100000,
num_partitions=4,
column="ID", # Swap with the column you want your partition based on
upper_bound=10000,
lower_bound=0
)
udtf_configs = {
"external_access_integration": "<your external access integration>"
}
# Pull data from target table with udtf ingestion with parallelism using predicates
df_udtf_predicates = session.read.dbapi(
create_sql_server_connection,
table="target_table",
udtf_configs=udtf_configs,
fetch_size=100000,
predicates=[
"ID < 3",
"ID >= 3"
]
)
Use the DB-API to connect to SQL Server from a stored procedure
Configure an external access integration (EAI), which is required to allow Snowflake to connect to the source endpoint.
Note
PrivateLink is recommended for secure data transfer, especially when you’re dealing with
sensitive information. Ensure that your Snowflake account has the necessary PrivateLink privileges enabled and that the
PrivateLink feature is configured and active in your Snowflake Notebook environment.
Configure the secret, a network rule to allow egress to the source endpoint, and EAI:
-- Configure a secret to allow egress to the source endpoint
CREATE OR REPLACE SECRET mssql_secret
TYPE = PASSWORD
USERNAME = 'mssql_username'
PASSWORD = 'mssql_password';
-- Configure a network rule to allow egress to the source endpoint
CREATE OR REPLACE NETWORK RULE mssql_network_rule
MODE = EGRESS
TYPE = HOST_PORT
VALUE_LIST = ('mssql_host:mssql_port');
-- Configure an external access integration
CREATE OR REPLACE EXTERNAL ACCESS INTEGRATION mssql_access_integration
ALLOWED_NETWORK_RULES = (mssql_network_rule)
ALLOWED_AUTHENTICATION_SECRETS = (mssql_secret)
ENABLED = true;
Use the DB-API to pull data from SQL Server in a Python stored procedure:
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE sp_mssql_dbapi()
RETURNS TABLE()
LANGUAGE PYTHON
RUNTIME_VERSION='3.11'
HANDLER='run'
PACKAGES=('snowflake-snowpark-python', 'pyodbc', 'msodbcsql')
EXTERNAL_ACCESS_INTEGRATIONS = (mssql_access_integration)
SECRETS = ('cred' = mssql_secret )
AS $$
# Get user name and password from mssql_secret
import _snowflake
username_password_object = _snowflake.get_username_password('cred')
USER = username_password_object.username
PASSWORD = username_password_object.password
# Define a method to connect to SQL Server_hostname
from snowflake.snowpark import Session
def create_sql_server_connection():
import pyodbc
host = "<your host>"
port = <your port>
username = USER
password = PASSWORD
database = "<your database name>"
connection_str = (
f"DRIVER={{ODBC Driver 18 for SQL Server}};"
f"SERVER={host},{port};"
f"DATABASE={database};"
f"UID={username};"
f"PWD={password};"
"TrustServerCertificate=yes"
"Encrypt=yes"
# Optional to identify source of queries
"APP=snowflake-snowpark-python;"
)
connection = pyodbc.connect(connection_str)
return connection
def run(session: Session):
# Feel free to combine local/udtf ingestion and partition column/predicates
# as stated in the understanding parallelism section
# Call dbapi to pull data from target table
df = session.read.dbapi(
create_sql_server_connection,
table="target_table"
)
# Call dbapi to pull data from target query
df_query = session.read.dbapi(
create_sql_server_connection,
query="select * from target_table"
)
# Pull data from target table with parallelism using partition column
df_local_par_column = session.read.dbapi(
create_sql_server_connection,
table="target_table",
fetch_size=100000,
num_partitions=4,
column="ID", # swap with the column you want your partition based on
upper_bound=10000,
lower_bound=0
)
udtf_configs = {
"external_access_integration": "<your external access integration>"
}
# Pull data from target table with udtf ingestion with parallelism using predicates
df_udtf_predicates = session.read.dbapi(
create_sql_server_connection,
table="target_table",
udtf_configs=udtf_configs,
fetch_size=100000,
predicates=[
"ID < 3",
"ID >= 3"
]
)
return df
$$;
CALL sp_mssql_dbapi();
Use the DB-API to connect to SQL Server from a Snowflake notebook
From Snowflake Notebook packages, select snowflake-snowpark-python and pyodbc.
In the Files pane, open the file environment.yml, and under Dependencies, add the following line of code after other entries:
Configure the secret, a network rule to allow egress to the source endpoint, and EAI:
-- Configure a secret to allow egress to the source endpoint
CREATE OR REPLACE SECRET mssql_secret
TYPE = PASSWORD
USERNAME = 'mssql_username'
PASSWORD = 'mssql_password';
ALTER NOTEBOOK mynotebook SET SECRETS = ('snowflake-secret-object' = mssql_secret);
-- Configure a network rule to allow egress to the source endpoint
CREATE OR REPLACE NETWORK RULE mssql_network_rule
MODE = EGRESS
TYPE = HOST_PORT
VALUE_LIST = ('mssql_host:mssql_port');
-- Configure an external access integration
CREATE OR REPLACE EXTERNAL ACCESS INTEGRATION mssql_access_integration
ALLOWED_NETWORK_RULES = (mssql_network_rule)
ALLOWED_AUTHENTICATION_SECRETS = (mssql_secret)
ENABLED = true;
Set up external access for Snowflake Notebooks, and then restart the notebook session.
Use the DB-API to pull data from SQL Server in a Python cell of a Snowflake notebook:
# Get user name and password from mssql_secret
import _snowflake
username_password_object = _snowflake.get_username_password('snowflake-secret-object')
USER = username_password_object.username
PASSWORD = username_password_object.password
import snowflake.snowpark.context
session = snowflake.snowpark.context.get_active_session()
def create_sql_server_connection():
import pyodbc
SERVER = SQL_SERVER_CONNECTION_PARAMETERS["SERVER"]
UID = SQL_SERVER_CONNECTION_PARAMETERS["UID"]
PWD = SQL_SERVER_CONNECTION_PARAMETERS["PWD"]
DATABASE = "test_query_history"
connection_str = (
f"DRIVER={{ODBC Driver 18 for SQL Server}};"
f"SERVER={SERVER};"
f"UID={UID};"
f"PWD={PWD};"
f"DATABASE={DATABASE};"
"TrustServerCertificate=yes;"
"Encrypt=yes;"
# Optional to identify source of queries
"APP=snowflake-snowpark-python;"
)
connection = pyodbc.connect(connection_str)
return connection
# Feel free to combine local/udtf ingestion and partition column/predicates as
# stated in the understanding parallelism section
# Call dbapi to pull data from target table
df = session.read.dbapi(
create_sql_server_connection,
table="target_table"
)
# Call dbapi to pull data from target query
df_query = session.read.dbapi(
create_sql_server_connection,
query="select * from target_table"
)
# Pull data from target table with parallelism using partition column
df_local_par_column = session.read.dbapi(
create_sql_server_connection,
table="target_table",
fetch_size=100000,
num_partitions=4,
column="ID", # swap with the column you want your partition based on
upper_bound=10000,
lower_bound=0
)
udtf_configs = {
"external_access_integration": "<your external access integration>"
}
# Pull data from target table with udtf ingestion with parallelism using predicates
df_udtf_predicates = session.read.dbapi(
create_sql_server_connection,
table="target_table",
udtf_configs=udtf_configs,
fetch_size=100000,
predicates=[
"ID < 3",
"ID >= 3"
]
)
# Save data into sf_table
df.write.mode("overwrite").save_as_table('sf_table')
Source tracing when using the DB-API to connect to SQL Server
Include a tag of Snowpark in your create connection function:
def create_sql_server_connection():
import pyodbc
SERVER = "<your host name>"
PORT = <your port>
UID = "<your user name>"
PWD = "<your password>"
DATABASE = "<your database name>"
connection_str = (
f"DRIVER={{ODBC Driver 18 for SQL Server}};"
f"SERVER={SERVER}:{PORT};"
f"UID={UID};"
f"PWD={PWD};"
f"DATABASE={DATABASE};"
"TrustServerCertificate=yes"
"Encrypt=yes"
# include this parameter for source tracing
"APP=snowflake-snowpark-python;"
)
connection = pyodbc.connect(connection_str)
return connection
Run the following SQL in your data source to capture queries from Snowpark that are still live:
SELECT
s.session_id,
s.program_name,
r.status,
t.text AS sql_text
FROM sys.dm_exec_sessions s
JOIN sys.dm_exec_requests r ON s.session_id = r.session_id
CROSS APPLY sys.dm_exec_sql_text(r.sql_handle) AS t
WHERE s.program_name = 'snowflake-snowpark-python';
Oracle
To connect to Oracle from Snowpark, you need the following two packages:
The following code examples show how to connect to Oracle from a Snowpark client, stored procedures, and a Snowflake notebook.
Use the DB-API to connect to Oracle from a Snowpark client
Install snowflake-snowpark-python[pandas] and oracledb:
pip install snowflake-snowpark-python[pandas]
pip install oracledb
Use the DB-API to pull data from Oracle and define the factory method for creating a connection to Oracle:
def create_oracle_db_connection():
import oracledb
HOST = "<your host>"
PORT = <your port>
SERVICE_NAME = "<your service name>"
USER = "<your user name>"
PASSWORD = "your password"
DSN = f"{HOST}:{PORT}/{SERVICE_NAME}"
connection = oracledb.connect(
user=USER,
password=PASSWORD,
dsn=DSN
)
# Optional: include this parameter for source tracing
connection.clientinfo = "snowflake-snowpark-python"
return connection
# Feel free to combine local/udtf ingestion and partition column/predicates as
# stated in the understanding parallelism section
# Call dbapi to pull data from target table
df = session.read.dbapi(
create_oracle_db_connection,
table="target_table"
)
# Call dbapi to pull data from target query
df_query = session.read.dbapi(
create_oracle_db_connection,
query="select * from target_table"
)
# Pull data from target table with parallelism using partition column
df_local_par_column = session.read.dbapi(
create_oracle_db_connection,
table="target_table",
fetch_size=100000,
num_partitions=4,
column="ID", # swap with the column you want your partition based on
upper_bound=10000,
lower_bound=0
)
udtf_configs = {
"external_access_integration": "<your external access integration>"
}
# Pull data from target table with udtf ingestion with parallelism using predicates
df_udtf_predicates = session.read.dbapi(
create_oracle_db_connection,
table="target_table",
udtf_configs=udtf_configs,
fetch_size=100000,
predicates=[
"ID < 3",
"ID >= 3"
]
)
Use the DB-API to connect to Oracle from a stored procedure
Configure an external access integration (EAI), which is required to allow Snowflake to connect to the source endpoint.
Note
PrivateLink is recommended for secure data transfer, especially when you’re dealing with
sensitive information. Ensure that your Snowflake account has the necessary PrivateLink privileges enabled and that the
PrivateLink feature is configured and active in your Snowflake Notebook environment.
Configure the secret, a network rule to allow egress to the source endpoint, and EAI:
-- Configure the secret, a network rule to allow egress to the source endpoint, and EAI:
CREATE OR REPLACE SECRET ora_secret
TYPE = PASSWORD
USERNAME = 'ora_username'
PASSWORD = 'ora_password';
-- configure a network rule to allow egress to the source endpoint
CREATE OR REPLACE NETWORK RULE ora_network_rule
MODE = EGRESS
TYPE = HOST_PORT
VALUE_LIST = ('ora_host:ora_port');
-- configure an external access integration
CREATE OR REPLACE EXTERNAL ACCESS INTEGRATION ora_access_integration
ALLOWED_NETWORK_RULES = (ora_network_rule)
ALLOWED_AUTHENTICATION_SECRETS = (ora_secret)
ENABLED = true;
Use the Snowpark Python DB-API to pull data from Oracle in a Python stored procedure:
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE sp_ora_dbapi()
RETURNS TABLE()
LANGUAGE PYTHON
RUNTIME_VERSION='3.11'
HANDLER='run'
PACKAGES=('snowflake-snowpark-python', 'oracledb')
EXTERNAL_ACCESS_INTEGRATIONS = (ora_access_integration)
SECRETS = ('cred' = ora_secret )
AS $$
# Get user name and password from ora_secret
import _snowflake
username_password_object = _snowflake.get_username_password('cred')
USER = username_password_object.username
PASSWORD = username_password_object.password
# Define the factory method for creating a connection to Oracle
from snowflake.snowpark import Session
def create_oracle_db_connection():
import oracledb
host = "ora_host"
port = "ora_port"
service_name = "ora_service"
user = USER
password = PASSWORD
DSN = f"{host}:{port}/{service_name}"
connection = oracledb.connect(
user=USER,
password=PASSWORD,
dsn=DSN
)
# Optional: include this parameter for source tracing
connection.clientinfo = "snowflake-snowpark-python"
return connection
def run(session: Session):
# Feel free to combine local/udtf ingestion and partition column/predicates
# as stated in the understanding parallelism section
# Call dbapi to pull data from target table
df = session.read.dbapi(
create_oracle_db_connection,
table="target_table"
)
# Call dbapi to pull data from target query
df_query = session.read.dbapi(
create_oracle_db_connection,
query="select * from target_table"
)
# Pull data from target table with parallelism using partition column
df_local_par_column = session.read.dbapi(
create_oracle_db_connection,
table="target_table",
fetch_size=100000,
num_partitions=4,
column="ID", # swap with the column you want your partition based on
upper_bound=10000,
lower_bound=0
)
udtf_configs = {
"external_access_integration": "<your external access integration>"
}
# Pull data from target table with udtf ingestion with parallelism using predicates
df_udtf_predicates = session.read.dbapi(
create_oracle_db_connection,
table="target_table",
udtf_configs=udtf_configs,
fetch_size=100000,
predicates=[
"ID < 3",
"ID >= 3"
]
)
return df
$$;
CALL sp_ora_dbapi();
Use the DB-API to connect to Oracle from a Snowflake notebook
From Snowflake Notebook packages, select snowflake-snowpark-python and oracledb.
Configure an external access integration (EAI), which is required to allow Snowflake to connect to the source endpoint.
Note
PrivateLink is recommended for secure data transfer, especially when you’re dealing with
sensitive information. Ensure that your Snowflake account has the necessary PrivateLink privileges enabled and that the
PrivateLink feature is configured and active in your Snowflake Notebook environment.
Configure the secret, a network rule, and EAI to allow egress to the source endpoint:
-- Configure the secret, a network rule to allow egress to the source endpoint, and EAI:
CREATE OR REPLACE SECRET mysql_secret
TYPE = PASSWORD
USERNAME = 'mysql_username'
PASSWORD = 'mysql_password';
ALTER NOTEBOOK mynotebook SET SECRETS = ('snowflake-secret-object' = mysql_secret);
-- configure a network rule to allow egress to the source endpoint
CREATE OR REPLACE NETWORK RULE mysql_network_rule
MODE = EGRESS
TYPE = HOST_PORT
VALUE_LIST = ('mysql_host:mysql_port');
-- configure an external access integration
CREATE OR REPLACE EXTERNAL ACCESS INTEGRATION mysql_access_integration
ALLOWED_NETWORK_RULES = (mysql_network_rule)
ALLOWED_AUTHENTICATION_SECRETS = (mysql_secret)
ENABLED = true;
Set up external access for Snowflake Notebooks, and then restart the notebook session.
Use the DB-API to pull data from Oracle in a Python cell of a Snowflake notebook:
# Get user name and password from ora_secret
import _snowflake
username_password_object = _snowflake.get_username_password('snowflake-secret-object')
USER = username_password_object.username
PASSWORD = username_password_object.password
import snowflake.snowpark.context
session = snowflake.snowpark.context.get_active_session()
# Define the factory method for creating a connection to Oracle
def create_oracle_db_connection():
import oracledb
host = "ora_host"
port = "ora_port"
service_name = "ora_service"
user = USER
password = PASSWORD
DSN = f"{host}:{port}/{service_name}"
connection = oracledb.connect(
user=USER,
password=PASSWORD,
dsn=DSN,
)
# Optional: include this parameter for source tracing
connection.clientinfo = "snowflake-snowpark-python"
return connection
# Feel free to combine local/udtf ingestion and partition column/predicates as
# stated in the understanding parallelism section
# Call dbapi to pull data from target table
df = session.read.dbapi(
create_oracle_db_connection,
table="target_table"
)
# Call dbapi to pull data from target query
df_query = session.read.dbapi(
create_oracle_db_connection,
query="select * from target_table"
)
# Pull data from target table with parallelism using partition column
df_local_par_column = session.read.dbapi(
create_oracle_db_connection,
table="target_table",
fetch_size=100000,
num_partitions=4,
column="ID", # swap with the column you want your partition based on
upper_bound=10000,
lower_bound=0
)
udtf_configs = {
"external_access_integration": "<your external access integration>"
}
# Pull data from target table with udtf ingestion with parallelism using predicates
df_udtf_predicates = session.read.dbapi(
create_oracle_db_connection,
table="target_table",
udtf_configs=udtf_configs,
fetch_size=100000,
predicates=[
"ID < 3",
"ID >= 3"
]
)
# Save data into sf_table
df_ora.write.mode("overwrite").save_as_table('sf_table')
Source tracing when using the DB-API to connect to Oracle
Include a tag of Snowpark in your create connection function:
def create_oracle_db_connection():
import oracledb
HOST = "myhost"
PORT = "myport"
SERVICE_NAME = "myservice"
USER = "myuser"
PASSWORD = "mypassword"
DSN = f"{HOST}:{PORT}/{SERVICE_NAME}"
connection = oracledb.connect(
user=USER,
password=PASSWORD,
dsn=DSN,
)
# include this parameter for source tracing
connection.clientinfo = "snowflake-snowpark-python"
return connection
Run the following SQL in your data source to capture queries from Snowpark that are still live:
SELECT
s.sid,
s.serial#,
s.username,
s.module,
q.sql_id,
q.sql_text,
q.last_active_time
FROM
v$session s
JOIN v$sql q ON s.sql_id = q.sql_id
WHERE
s.client_info = 'snowflake-snowpark-python'
PostgreSQL
To connect to PostgreSQL from Snowpark, you need the following two packages:
The following code examples show how to connect to PostgreSQL from a Snowpark client, stored procedures, and a Snowflake notebook.
Use the DB-API to connect to PostgreSQL from a Snowpark client
Install psycopg2:
Define the factory method for creating a connection to PostgreSQL:
def create_pg_connection():
import psycopg2
connection = psycopg2.connect(
host="pg_host",
port=pg_port,
dbname="pg_dbname",
user="pg_user",
password="pg_password",
# Optional: include this parameter for source tracing
application_name="snowflake-snowpark-python"
)
return connection
# Feel free to combine local/udtf ingestion and partition column/predicates as
# stated in the understanding parallelism section
# Call dbapi to pull data from target table
df = session.read.dbapi(
create_pg_connection,
table="target_table"
)
# Call dbapi to pull data from target query
df_query = session.read.dbapi(
create_pg_connection,
query="select * from target_table"
)
# Pull data from target table with parallelism using partition column
df_local_par_column = session.read.dbapi(
create_pg_connection,
table="target_table",
fetch_size=100000,
num_partitions=4,
column="ID", # Swap with the column you want your partition based on
upper_bound=10000,
lower_bound=0
)
udtf_configs = {
"external_access_integration": "<your external access integration>"
}
# Pull data from target table with udtf ingestion with parallelism using predicates
df_udtf_predicates = session.read.dbapi(
create_pg_connection,
table="target_table",
udtf_configs=udtf_configs,
fetch_size=100000,
predicates=[
"ID < 3",
"ID >= 3"
]
)
Use the DB-API to connect to PostgreSQL from a stored procedure
Configure an external access integration (EAI), which is required to allow Snowflake to connect to the source endpoint.
Note
PrivateLink is recommended for secure data transfer, especially when you’re dealing with
sensitive information. Ensure that your Snowflake account has the necessary PrivateLink privileges enabled and that the
PrivateLink feature is configured and active in your Snowflake Notebook environment.
Configure the secret, a network rule to allow egress to the source endpoint, and EAI:
-- configure a secret
CREATE OR REPLACE SECRET pg_secret
TYPE = PASSWORD
USERNAME = 'pg_username'
PASSWORD = 'pg_password';
-- configure a network rule.
CREATE OR REPLACE NETWORK RULE pg_network_rule
MODE = EGRESS
TYPE = HOST_PORT
VALUE_LIST = ('pg_host:pg_port');
-- configure an external access integration.
CREATE OR REPLACE EXTERNAL ACCESS INTEGRATION pg_access_integration
ALLOWED_NETWORK_RULES = (pg_network_rule)
ALLOWED_AUTHENTICATION_SECRETS = (pg_secret)
ENABLED = true;
Use the Snowpark Python DB-API to pull data from PostgreSQL in a Python stored procedure:
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE sp_pg_dbapi()
RETURNS TABLE()
LANGUAGE PYTHON
RUNTIME_VERSION='3.11'
HANDLER='run'
PACKAGES=('snowflake-snowpark-python', 'psycopg2')
EXTERNAL_ACCESS_INTEGRATIONS = (pg_access_integration)
SECRETS = ('cred' = pg_secret )
AS $$
# Get user name and password from pg_secret
import _snowflake
username_password_object = _snowflake.get_username_password('cred')
USER = username_password_object.username
PASSWORD = username_password_object.password
# Define the factory method for creating a connection to PostgreSQL
from snowflake.snowpark import Session
def create_pg_connection():
import psycopg2
connection = psycopg2.connect(
host="pg_host",
port=pg_port,
dbname="pg_dbname",
user=USER,
password=PASSWORD,
# Optional: include this parameter for source tracing
application_name="snowflake-snowpark-python"
)
return connection
def run(session: Session):
# Feel free to combine local/udtf ingestion and partition column/predicates
# as stated in the understanding parallelism section
# Call dbapi to pull data from target table
df = session.read.dbapi(
create_pg_connection,
table="target_table"
)
# Call dbapi to pull data from target query
df_query = session.read.dbapi(
create_pg_connection,
query="select * from target_table"
)
# Pull data from target table with parallelism using partition column
df_local_par_column = session.read.dbapi(
create_pg_connection,
table="target_table",
fetch_size=100000,
num_partitions=4,
column="ID", # swap with the column you want your partition based on
upper_bound=10000,
lower_bound=0
)
udtf_configs = {
"external_access_integration": "<your external access integration>"
}
# Pull data from target table with udtf ingestion with parallelism using predicates
df_udtf_predicates = session.read.dbapi(
create_pg_connection,
table="target_table",
udtf_configs=udtf_configs,
fetch_size=100000,
predicates=[
"ID < 3",
"ID >= 3"
]
)
return df
$$;
CALL sp_pg_dbapi();
Use the DB-API to connect to PostgreSQL from a Snowflake notebook
From Snowflake Notebook packages, select snowflake-snowpark-python and psycopg2.
Configure an external access integration (EAI), which is required to allow Snowflake to connect to the source endpoint.
Note
PrivateLink is recommended for secure data transfer, especially when you’re dealing with
sensitive information. Ensure that your Snowflake account has the necessary PrivateLink privileges enabled and that the
PrivateLink feature is configured and active in your Snowflake Notebook environment.
Configure the secret, a network rule to allow egress to the source endpoint, and EAI:
-- Configure the secret
CREATE OR REPLACE SECRET pg_secret
TYPE = PASSWORD
USERNAME = 'pg_username'
PASSWORD = 'pg_password';
ALTER NOTEBOOK pg_notebook SET SECRETS = ('snowflake-secret-object' = pg_secret);
-- Configure the network rule to allow egress to the source endpoint
CREATE OR REPLACE NETWORK RULE pg_network_rule
MODE = EGRESS
TYPE = HOST_PORT
VALUE_LIST = ('pg_host:pg_port');
-- Configure external access integration
CREATE OR REPLACE EXTERNAL ACCESS INTEGRATION pg_access_integration
ALLOWED_NETWORK_RULES = (pg_network_rule)
ALLOWED_AUTHENTICATION_SECRETS = (pg_secret)
ENABLED = true;
Set up external access for Snowflake Notebooks, and then restart the notebook session.
Use the DB-API to pull data from PostgreSQL in a Python cell of a Snowflake notebook:
# Get the user name and password from :code:`pg_secret`
import _snowflake
username_password_object = _snowflake.get_username_password('snowflake-secret-object')
USER = username_password_object.username
PASSWORD = username_password_object.password
import snowflake.snowpark.context
session = snowflake.snowpark.context.get_active_session()
# Define the factory method for creating a connection to PostgreSQL
def create_pg_connection():
import psycopg2
connection = psycopg2.connect(
host="pg_host",
port=pg_port,
dbname="pg_dbname",
user=USER,
password=PASSWORD,
# Optional: include this parameter for source tracing
application_name="snowflake-snowpark-python"
)
return connection
# Feel free to combine local/udtf ingestion and partition column/predicates as
# stated in the understanding parallelism section
# Call dbapi to pull data from target table
df = session.read.dbapi(
create_pg_connection,
table="target_table"
)
# Call dbapi to pull data from target query
df_query = session.read.dbapi(
create_pg_connection,
query="select * from target_table"
)
# Pull data from target table with parallelism using partition column
df_local_par_column = session.read.dbapi(
create_pg_connection,
table="target_table",
fetch_size=100000,
num_partitions=4,
column="ID", # swap with the column you want your partition based on
upper_bound=10000,
lower_bound=0
)
udtf_configs = {
"external_access_integration": "<your external access integration>"
}
# Pull data from target table with udtf ingestion with parallelism using predicates
df_udtf_predicates = session.read.dbapi(
create_pg_connection,
table="target_table",
udtf_configs=udtf_configs,
fetch_size=100000,
predicates=[
"ID < 3",
"ID >= 3"
]
)
# Save data into sf_table
df.write.mode("overwrite").save_as_table('sf_table')
# Get the user name and password from :code:`pg_secret`
Source tracing when using the DB-API to connect to PostgreSQL
Include a tag of Snowpark in your create connection function:
def create_pg_connection():
import psycopg2
connection = psycopg2.connect(
host="pg_host",
port=pg_port,
dbname="pg_dbname",
user="pg_user",
password="pg_password",
# Include this parameter for source tracing
application_name="snowflake-snowpark-python"
)
return connection
Run the following SQL in your data source to capture queries from Snowpark that are still live:
SELECT
pid,
usename AS username,
datname AS database,
application_name,
client_addr,
state,
query_start,
query
FROM
pg_stat_activity
WHERE
application_name = 'snowflake-snowpark-python';
MySQL
To connect to MySQL from Snowpark, you need the following two packages:
The following code examples show how to connect to MySQL from a Snowpark client, stored procedures, and a Snowflake notebook.
Use the DB-API to connect to MySQL from a Snowpark client
Install pymysql:
pip install snowflake-snowpark-python[pandas]
pip install pymysql
Define the factory method for creating a connection to MySQL:
def create_mysql_connection():
import pymysql
connection = pymysql.connect(
host="mysql_host",
port=mysql_port,
database="mysql_db",
user="mysql_user",
password="mysql_password",
# Optional: include this parameter for source tracing
init_command="SET @program_name='snowflake-snowpark-python';"
)
return connection
# Feel free to combine local/udtf ingestion and partition column/predicates as
# stated in the understanding parallelism section
# Call dbapi to pull data from target table
df = session.read.dbapi(
create_mysql_connection,
table="target_table"
)
# Call dbapi to pull data from target query
df_query = session.read.dbapi(
create_mysql_connection,
query="select * from target_table"
)
# Pull data from target table with parallelism using partition column
df_local_par_column = session.read.dbapi(
create_mysql_connection,
table="target_table",
fetch_size=100000,
num_partitions=4,
column="ID", # swap with the column you want your partition based on
upper_bound=10000,
lower_bound=0
)
udtf_configs = {
"external_access_integration": "<your external access integration>"
}
# Pull data from target table with udtf ingestion with parallelism using predicates
df_udtf_predicates = session.read.dbapi(
create_mysql_connection,
table="target_table",
udtf_configs=udtf_configs,
fetch_size=100000,
predicates=[
"ID < 3",
"ID >= 3"
]
)
Use the DB-API to connect to MySQL from a stored procedure
Configure an external access integration (EAI), which is required to allow Snowflake to connect to the source endpoint.
Note
PrivateLink is recommended for secure data transfer, especially when you’re dealing with
sensitive information. Ensure that your Snowflake account has the necessary PrivateLink privileges enabled and that the
PrivateLink feature is configured and active in your Snowflake Notebook environment.
Configure the secret, a network rule to allow egress to the source endpoint, and EAI:
CREATE OR REPLACE SECRET mysql_secret
TYPE = PASSWORD
USERNAME = 'mysql_username'
PASSWORD = 'mysql_password';
-- configure a network rule.
CREATE OR REPLACE NETWORK RULE mysql_network_rule
MODE = EGRESS
TYPE = HOST_PORT
VALUE_LIST = ('mysql_host:mysql_port');
-- configure an external access integration
CREATE OR REPLACE EXTERNAL ACCESS INTEGRATION mysql_access_integration
ALLOWED_NETWORK_RULES = (mysql_network_rule)
ALLOWED_AUTHENTICATION_SECRETS = (mysql_secret)
ENABLED = true;
Use the Snowpark Python DB-API to pull data from MySQL in a Python stored procedure:
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE sp_mysql_dbapi()
RETURNS TABLE()
LANGUAGE PYTHON
RUNTIME_VERSION='3.11'
HANDLER='run'
PACKAGES=('snowflake-snowpark-python', 'pymysql')
EXTERNAL_ACCESS_INTEGRATIONS = (mysql_access_integration)
SECRETS = ('cred' = mysql_secret )
AS $$
# Get user name and password from mysql_secret
import _snowflake
username_password_object = _snowflake.get_username_password('cred')
USER = username_password_object.username
PASSWORD = username_password_object.password
# Define the factory method for creating a connection to MySQL
from snowflake.snowpark import session
def create_mysql_connection():
import pymysql
connection = pymysql.connect(
host="mysql_host",
port=mysql_port,
dbname="mysql_dbname",
user=USER,
password=PASSWORD,
# Optional: include this parameter for source tracing
init_command="SET @program_name='snowflake-snowpark-python';"
)
return connection
# Using Snowpark Python DB-API to pull data from MySQL in a Python stored procedure.
def run(session: Session):
# Feel free to combine local/udtf ingestion and partition column/predicates
# as stated in the understanding parallelism section
# Call dbapi to pull data from target table
df = session.read.dbapi(
create_mysql_connection,
table="target_table"
)
# Call dbapi to pull data from target query
df_query = session.read.dbapi(
create_mysql_connection,
query="select * from target_table"
)
# Pull data from target table with parallelism using partition column
df_local_par_column = session.read.dbapi(
create_mysql_connection,
table="target_table",
fetch_size=100000,
num_partitions=4,
column="ID", # swap with the column you want your partition based on
upper_bound=10000,
lower_bound=0
)
udtf_configs = {
"external_access_integration": "<your external access integration>"
}
# Pull data from target table with udtf ingestion with parallelism using predicates
df_udtf_predicates = session.read.dbapi(
create_mysql_connection,
table="target_table",
udtf_configs=udtf_configs,
fetch_size=100000,
predicates=[
"ID < 3",
"ID >= 3"
]
)
return df
$$;
CALL sp_mysql_dbapi();
Use the DB-API to connect to MySQL from a Snowflake notebook
From Snowflake Notebook packages, select snowflake-snowpark-python and pymysql.
Configure an external access integration (EAI), which is required to allow Snowflake to connect to the source endpoint.
Note
PrivateLink is recommended for secure data transfer, especially when you’re dealing with
sensitive information. Ensure that your Snowflake account has the necessary PrivateLink privileges enabled and that the
PrivateLink feature is configured and active in your Snowflake Notebook environment.
Configure the secret, a network rule to allow egress to the source endpoint, and EAI:
CREATE OR REPLACE SECRET mysql_secret
TYPE = PASSWORD
USERNAME = 'mysql_username'
PASSWORD = 'mysql_password';
ALTER NOTEBOOK mynotebook SET SECRETS = ('snowflake-secret-object' = mysql_secret);
-- configure a network rule.
CREATE OR REPLACE NETWORK RULE mysql_network_rule
MODE = EGRESS
TYPE = HOST_PORT
VALUE_LIST = ('mysql_host:mysql_port');
-- configure an EAI
CREATE OR REPLACE EXTERNAL ACCESS INTEGRATION mysql_access_integration
ALLOWED_NETWORK_RULES = (mysql_network_rule)
ALLOWED_AUTHENTICATION_SECRETS = (mysql_secret)
ENABLED = true;
Set up external access for Snowflake Notebooks, and then restart the notebook session.
Use the DB-API to pull data from MySQL in a Python cell of a Snowflake notebook:
# Get user name and password from mysql_secret
import _snowflake
username_password_object = _snowflake.get_username_password('snowflake-secret-object')
USER = username_password_object.username
PASSWORD = username_password_object.password
import snowflake.snowpark.context
session = snowflake.snowpark.context.get_active_session()
# Define the factory method for creating a connection to MySQL
def create_mysql_connection():
import pymysql
connection = pymysql.connect(
host="mysql_host",
port=mysql_port,
dbname="mysql_dbname",
user=USER,
password=PASSWORD,
# Optional: include this parameter for source tracing
init_command="SET @program_name='snowflake-snowpark-python';"
)
return connection
# Feel free to combine local/udtf ingestion and partition column/predicates as
# stated in the understanding parallelism section
# Call dbapi to pull data from target table
df = session.read.dbapi(
create_mysql_connection,
table="target_table"
)
# Call dbapi to pull data from target query
df_query = session.read.dbapi(
create_mysql_connection,
query="select * from target_table"
)
# Pull data from target table with parallelism using partition column
df_local_par_column = session.read.dbapi(
create_mysql_connection,
table="target_table",
fetch_size=100000,
num_partitions=4,
column="ID", # swap with the column you want your partition based on
upper_bound=10000,
lower_bound=0
)
udtf_configs = {
"external_access_integration": "<your external access integration>"
}
# Pull data from target table with udtf ingestion with parallelism using predicates
df_udtf_predicates = session.read.dbapi(
create_mysql_connection,
table="target_table",
udtf_configs=udtf_configs,
fetch_size=100000,
predicates=[
"ID < 3",
"ID >= 3"
]
)
# Save data into sf_table
df.write.mode("overwrite").save_as_table('sf_table')
Source tracing when using the DB-API to connect to MySQL
Include a tag of Snowpark in your create connection function:
def create_mysql_connection():
import pymysql
connection = pymysql.connect(
host="mysql_host",
port=mysql_port,
database="mysql_db",
user="mysql_user",
password="mysql_password",
# include this parameter for source tracing
init_command="SET @program_name='snowflake-snowpark-python';"
)
return connection
Run the following SQL in your data source to capture queries from Snowpark:
SELECT *
FROM performance_schema.events_statements_history_long
WHERE THREAD_ID = (
SELECT THREAD_ID
FROM performance_schema.events_statements_history_long
WHERE SQL_TEXT = "SET @program_name='snowflake-snowpark-python'"
ORDER BY EVENT_ID DESC
LIMIT 1
)
Databricks
To connect to Databricks from Snowpark, you need the following two packages:
The following code examples show how to connect to Databricks from a Snowpark client, stored procedures, and a Snowflake notebook.
Use the DB-API to connect to Databricks from a Snowpark client
Install databricks-sql-connector:
pip install snowflake-snowpark-python[pandas]
pip install databricks-sql-connector
Define the factory method for creating a connection to Databricks:
def create_dbx_connection():
import databricks.sql
connection = databricks.sql.connect(
server_hostname=HOST,
http_path=PATH,
access_token=ACCESS_TOKEN
)
return connection
# Feel free to combine local/udtf ingestion and partition column/predicates as
# stated in the understanding parallelism section
# Call dbapi to pull data from target table
df = session.read.dbapi(
create_dbx_connection,
table="target_table"
)
# Call dbapi to pull data from target query
df_query = session.read.dbapi(
create_dbx_connection,
query="select * from target_table"
)
# Pull data from target table with parallelism using partition column
df_local_par_column = session.read.dbapi(
create_dbx_connection,
table="target_table",
fetch_size=100000,
num_partitions=4,
column="ID", # swap with the column you want your partition based on
upper_bound=10000,
lower_bound=0
)
udtf_configs = {
"external_access_integration": "<your external access integration>"
}
# Pull data from target table with udtf ingestion with parallelism using predicates
df_udtf_predicates = session.read.dbapi(
create_dbx_connection,
table="target_table",
udtf_configs=udtf_configs,
fetch_size=100000,
predicates=[
"ID < 3",
"ID >= 3"
]
)
Use the DB-API to connect to Databricks from a stored procedure
Configure an external access integration (EAI), which is required to allow Snowflake to connect to the source endpoint.
Note
PrivateLink is recommended for secure data transfer, especially when you’re dealing with
sensitive information. Ensure that your Snowflake account has the necessary PrivateLink privileges enabled and that the
PrivateLink feature is configured and active in your Snowflake Notebook environment.
Configure the secret, a network rule to allow egress to the source endpoint, and EAI:
CREATE OR REPLACE SECRET dbx_secret
TYPE = GENERIC_STRING
SECRET_STRING = 'dbx_access_token';
CREATE OR REPLACE NETWORK RULE dbx_network_rule
MODE = EGRESS
TYPE = HOST_PORT
VALUE_LIST = ('dbx_host:dbx_port');
CREATE OR REPLACE EXTERNAL ACCESS INTEGRATION dbx_access_integration
ALLOWED_NETWORK_RULES = (dbx_network_rule)
ALLOWED_AUTHENTICATION_SECRETS = (dbx_secret)
ENABLED = true;
Use the Snowpark Python DB-API to pull data from Databricks in a Python stored procedure:
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE sp_dbx_dbapi()
RETURNS TABLE()
LANGUAGE PYTHON
RUNTIME_VERSION='3.11'
HANDLER='run'
PACKAGES=('snowflake-snowpark-python', 'databricks-sql-connector')
EXTERNAL_ACCESS_INTEGRATIONS = (dbx_access_integration)
SECRETS = ('cred' = dbx_secret )
AS $$
# Get user name and password from dbx_secret
import _snowflake
ACCESS_TOKEN = _snowflake.get_generic_secret_string('cred')
from snowflake.snowpark import Session
# Define the method for creating a connection to Databricks
def create_dbx_connection():
import databricks.sql
connection = databricks.sql.connect(
server_hostname="dbx_host",
http_path="dbx_path",
access_token=ACCESS_TOKEN,
)
return connection
# Using Snowpark Python DB-API to pull data from DataBricks in a Python stored procedure.
def run(session: Session):
# Feel free to combine local/udtf ingestion and partition column/predicates
# as stated in the understanding parallelism section
# Call dbapi to pull data from target table
df = session.read.dbapi(
create_dbx_connection,
table="target_table"
)
# Call dbapi to pull data from target query
df_query = session.read.dbapi(
create_dbx_connection,
query="select * from target_table"
)
# Pull data from target table with parallelism using partition column
df_local_par_column = session.read.dbapi(
create_dbx_connection,
table="target_table",
fetch_size=100000,
num_partitions=4,
column="ID", # swap with the column you want your partition based on
upper_bound=10000,
lower_bound=0
)
udtf_configs = {
"external_access_integration": "<your external access integration>"
}
# Pull data from target table with udtf ingestion with parallelism using predicates
df_udtf_predicates = session.read.dbapi(
create_dbx_connection,
table="target_table",
udtf_configs=udtf_configs,
fetch_size=100000,
predicates=[
"ID < 3",
"ID >= 3"
]
)
return df
$$;
CALL sp_dbx_dbapi();
Use the DB-API to connect to Databricks from a Snowflake notebook
From Snowflake Notebook packages, select snowflake-snowpark-python and databricks-sql-connector.
Configure an external access integration (EAI), which is required to allow Snowflake to connect to the source endpoint.
Note
PrivateLink is recommended for secure data transfer, especially when you’re dealing with
sensitive information. Ensure that your Snowflake account has the necessary PrivateLink privileges enabled and that the
PrivateLink feature is configured and active in your Snowflake Notebook environment.
Configure the secret, a network rule to allow egress to the source endpoint, and EAI:
CREATE OR REPLACE SECRET dbx_secret
TYPE = GENERIC_STRING
SECRET_STRING = 'dbx_access_token';
ALTER NOTEBOOK mynotebook SET SECRETS = ('snowflake-secret-object' = dbx_secret);
CREATE OR REPLACE NETWORK RULE dbx_network_rule
MODE = EGRESS
TYPE = HOST_PORT
VALUE_LIST = ('dbx_host:dbx_port');
CREATE OR REPLACE EXTERNAL ACCESS INTEGRATION dbx_access_integration
ALLOWED_NETWORK_RULES = (dbx_network_rule)
ALLOWED_AUTHENTICATION_SECRETS = (dbx_secret)
ENABLED = true;
Set up external access for Snowflake Notebooks, and then restart the notebook session.
Use the DB-API to pull data from Databricks in a Python cell of a Snowflake notebook:
# Get user name and password from dbx_secret
import _snowflake
ACCESS_TOKEN = _snowflake.get_generic_secret_string('cred')
import snowflake.snowpark.context
session = snowflake.snowpark.context.get_active_session()
# Define the factory method for creating a connection to Databricks
def create_dbx_connection():
import databricks.sql
connection = databricks.sql.connect(
server_hostname="dbx_host",
http_path="dbx_path",
access_token=ACCESS_TOKEN,
)
return connection
# Feel free to combine local/udtf ingestion and partition column/predicates as
# stated in the understanding parallelism section
# Call dbapi to pull data from target table
df = session.read.dbapi(
create_dbx_connection,
table="target_table"
)
# Call dbapi to pull data from target query
df_query = session.read.dbapi(
create_dbx_connection,
query="select * from target_table"
)
# Pull data from target table with parallelism using partition column
df_local_par_column = session.read.dbapi(
create_dbx_connection,
table="target_table",
fetch_size=100000,
num_partitions=4,
column="ID", # swap with the column you want your partition based on
upper_bound=10000,
lower_bound=0
)
udtf_configs = {
"external_access_integration": "<your external access integration>"
}
# Pull data from target table with udtf ingestion with parallelism using predicates
df_udtf_predicates = session.read.dbapi(
create_dbx_connection,
table="target_table",
udtf_configs=udtf_configs,
fetch_size=100000,
predicates=[
"ID < 3",
"ID >= 3"
]
)
# Save data into sf_table
df.write.mode("overwrite").save_as_table('sf_table')
Source tracing when using the DB-API to connect to Databricks
Include a tag of Snowpark in your create connection function:
def create_dbx_connection():
import databricks.sql
connection = databricks.sql.connect(
server_hostname=HOST,
http_path=PATH,
access_token=ACCESS_TOKEN,
# include this parameter for source tracing
user_agent_entry="snowflake-snowpark-python"
)
return connection
Navigate to query history on the DataBricks console and search for the query whose source is snowflake-snowpark-python.
Limitations
The Snowpark Python DB-API supports only Python DB-API 2.0–compliant drivers (for example, pyodbc or oracledb). JDBC drivers are not supported in this release.