Configure Snowflake OAuth for Custom Clients

This topic describes how to configure OAuth support for custom clients.

In this Topic:

Workflow

The following high-level steps are required to configure OAuth for custom clients:

  1. Register your client with Snowflake. To register your client, create an integration. An integration is a Snowflake object that provides an interface between Snowflake and third-party services, such as a client that supports OAuth.

    The registration process defines a client ID and client secrets.

  2. Configure calls to the Snowflake OAuth endpoints to request authorization codes from the Snowflake authorization server and to request and refresh access tokens.

    The optional “scope” parameters in the initial authorization request limit the role permitted by the access token and can additionally be used to configure the refresh token behavior.

Step 1: Create an OAuth Integration

Create an integration using the CREATE SECURITY INTEGRATION command.

Note

Only account administrators (users with the ACCOUNTADMIN role) or a role with the global CREATE INTEGRATION privilege can execute this SQL command.

Blocking Specific Roles from Using the Integration

The optional BLOCKED_ROLES_LIST parameter allows you to list Snowflake roles that a user cannot explicitly consent to using with the integration.

By default, the account administrator (i.e users with the ACCOUNTADMIN system role) and security administrator (i.e users with the SECURITYADMIN system role) roles are included in this list and cannot be removed. If you have a business need to allow users to use OAuth with these roles, and your security team is comfortable with allowing it, please contact Snowflake Support to request that these roles be allowed for your account.

Managing Network Policies

Snowflake supports network policies for OAuth. For more information, see OAuth and Network Policies.

Integration Example

The following example creates an OAuth integration that uses key pair authentication. The integration allows refresh tokens, which expire after 1 day (86400 seconds). The integration blocks users from starting a session with SYSADMIN as the active role:

CREATE SECURITY INTEGRATION oauth_kp_int
  TYPE = OAUTH
  ENABLED = TRUE
  OAUTH_CLIENT = CUSTOM
  OAUTH_CLIENT_TYPE = 'CONFIDENTIAL'
  OAUTH_REDIRECT_URI = 'http://localhost.com'
  OAUTH_ISSUE_REFRESH_TOKENS = TRUE
  OAUTH_REFRESH_TOKEN_VALIDITY = 86400
  BLOCKED_ROLES_LIST = ('SYSADMIN')
  OAUTH_CLIENT_RSA_PUBLIC_KEY ='
  MIIBI
  ..
  ';

Step 2: Call the OAuth Endpoints

OAuth endpoints are the URLs that clients call to request authorization codes and to request and refresh access tokens. These endpoints refer to specific OAuth 2.0 policies that execute when the endpoint is called.

Snowflake provides the following OAuth endpoints:

Authorization

https://<account_name>.snowflakecomputing.com/oauth/authorize

Token requests

https://<account_name>.snowflakecomputing.com/oauth/token-request

For convenience, Snowflake defines the endpoints when a client is registered. To view the endpoints for your integration, execute DESCRIBE INTEGRATION.

For example, the following example returns the endpoints for the integration created in Step 1: Create an OAuth Integration (in this topic):

DESC SECURITY INTEGRATION oauth_kp_int;

+----------------------------------+---------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------+
| property                         | property_type | property_value                                                       | property_default |
|----------------------------------+---------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------|
...
| OAUTH_AUTHORIZATION_ENDPOINT     | String        | https://myaccount.snowflakecomputing.com/oauth/authorize             |                  |
| OAUTH_TOKEN_ENDPOINT             | String        | https://myaccount.snowflakecomputing.com/oauth/token-request         |                  |
...
+----------------------------------+---------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------+

Authorization Endpoint

The authorization endpoint is used to obtain an authorization grant after a user successfully authorizes a client with Snowflake. The authorization endpoint is as follows:

https://<account_name>.snowflakecomputing.com/oauth/authorize

Where:

<account_name>

Specifies the full name of your account (provided by Snowflake).

Note that your full account name may include additional segments that identify the region and cloud platform where your account is hosted.

Account name examples by region

If your account name is xy12345:

Cloud Platform / Region

Full Account Name

AWS
US West (Oregon)

xy12345
US East (Ohio)

xy12345.us-east-2.aws
US East (N. Virginia)

xy12345.us-east-1
US East (Commercial Gov - N. Virginia)

xy12345.us-east-1-gov.aws
Canada (Central)

xy12345.ca-central-1.aws
EU (Ireland)

xy12345.eu-west-1
EU (Frankfurt)

xy12345.eu-central-1
Asia Pacific (Tokyo)

xy12345.ap-northeast-1.aws
Asia Pacific (Mumbai)

xy12345.ap-south-1.aws
Asia Pacific (Singapore)

xy12345.ap-southeast-1
Asia Pacific (Sydney)

xy12345.ap-southeast-2

GCP
US Central1 (Iowa)

xy12345.us-central1.gcp
Europe West2 (London)

xy12345.europe-west2.gcp
Europe West4 (Netherlands)

xy12345.europe-west4.gcp

Azure
West US 2 (Washington)

xy12345.west-us-2.azure
East US 2 (Virginia)

xy12345.east-us-2.azure
US Gov Virginia

xy12345.us-gov-virginia.azure
Canada Central (Toronto)

xy12345.canada-central.azure
West Europe (Netherlands)

xy12345.west-europe.azure
Switzerland North (Zurich)

xy12345.switzerland-north.azure
Southeast Asia (Singapore)

xy12345.southeast-asia.azure
Australia East (New South Wales)

xy12345.australia-east.azure

Important

If either of the following conditions is true, your account name is different than the structure described in this example:

  • If your Snowflake Edition is VPS, please contact Snowflake Support for details about your account name.

  • If AWS PrivateLink is enabled for your account, your account name requires an additional privatelink segment. For more details, see AWS PrivateLink & Snowflake.

method

GET

Important

The authorization endpoint must be opened in a browser that the user can interact with. Do not use cURL with this endpoint.

query parameters

Note

The following parameters should be URL encoded.

Parameter

Data Type

Required

Description

client_id

String

Yes

Client ID (provided by Snowflake when the client is registered)

response_type

String

Yes

Response type created. Currently supports code value, because Snowflake only issues authorization codes.

redirect_uri

String

Yes

URI where the user is redirected to after successfully authorizing. Must match the value registered with Snowflake during the client registration.

state

String

No

String of no more than 2048 ASCII characters that is returned with the response from the Snowflake authorization server. Typically used to prevent cross-site request forgery attacks.

scope

String

No

Space-delimited string that is used to limit the scope of the access request. For more information, see Scope in this topic.

code_challenge

String

No

Challenge for Proof Key for Code Exchange (PKCE). String generated via a secret and a code challenge method. For more information, see Proof Key for Code Exchange (in this topic).

code_challenge_method

String

No

String indicating the method used to derive the code challenge for PKCE. For more information, see Proof Key for Code Exchange (in this topic).

When a user authorizes the client, a redirect will be made to the redirect_uri that contains the following in a GET request:

Parameter

Description

code

Short-lived authorization code, which can be exchanged at the token endpoint for an access token.

state

state value provided in the original request, unmodified.

scope

Scope of the access request; currently the same as the scope value in the initial authorization request, but may differ in the future. For more information, see Scope (in this topic).

Scope

The scope parameters in the initial authorization request optionally limit the operations and role permitted by the access token.

Scope is validated immediately when making an authorization request with respect to semantics, but not necessarily validity. That is, any invalid scopes (e.g. “bogus_scope”) will be rejected before the user authenticates, but a scope the user does not have access to (a particular role, etc.) will not result in an error until after the user authenticates. Valid scope parameters are as follows:

query parameters

Parameter

Required

Description

refresh_token

No

If included in the authorization URL, Snowflake presents the user with the option to consent to offline access. In this context, offline access refers to allowing the client to refresh access tokens when the user is not present. With user consent, the authorization server returns a refresh token in addition to an access token when redeeming the authorization code.

session:role:role_name

No

Used to limit the access token to a single role that the user can consent to for the session. Only one session role scope can be specified. If this scope is omitted, then the default role for the user is used instead. When a user authorizes consent, Snowflake always displays the role for the session regardless if this scope is included in the authorization URL. . Note that role_name is case-sensitive and must be input in all upper-case unless the role name was enclosed in quotes when it was created using CREATE ROLE. To verify the case, execute SHOW ROLES in Snowflake and see the role name in the output.

Append scope parameters to the authorization URL.

The following example limits authorization to the custom R1 role:

scope=session:role:R1

The following example indicates that access/refresh tokens should use the default role for the user and requests a refresh token so that offline access can occur:

scope=refresh_token

The following example limits authorization to the custom R1 role and requests a refresh token so that offline access can occur:

scope=refresh_token session:role:R1

Token Endpoint

This endpoint returns access tokens or refresh tokens depending on the request parameters. The token endpoint is as follows:

https://<account_name>.snowflakecomputing.com/oauth/token-request

Where:

<account_name>

Specifies the full name of your account (provided by Snowflake).

Note that your full account name may include additional segments that identify the region and cloud platform where your account is hosted.

Account name examples for cloud platforms and regions

If your account name is xy12345:

Cloud Platform / Region

Full Account Name

AWS
US West (Oregon)

xy12345
US East (Ohio)

xy12345.us-east-2.aws
US East (N. Virginia)

xy12345.us-east-1
US East (Commercial Gov - N. Virginia)

xy12345.us-east-1-gov.aws
Canada (Central)

xy12345.ca-central-1.aws
EU (Ireland)

xy12345.eu-west-1
EU (Frankfurt)

xy12345.eu-central-1
Asia Pacific (Tokyo)

xy12345.ap-northeast-1.aws
Asia Pacific (Mumbai)

xy12345.ap-south-1.aws
Asia Pacific (Singapore)

xy12345.ap-southeast-1
Asia Pacific (Sydney)

xy12345.ap-southeast-2

GCP
US Central1 (Iowa)

xy12345.us-central1.gcp
Europe West2 (London)

xy12345.europe-west2.gcp
Europe West4 (Netherlands)

xy12345.europe-west4.gcp

Azure
West US 2 (Washington)

xy12345.west-us-2.azure
East US 2 (Virginia)

xy12345.east-us-2.azure
US Gov Virginia

xy12345.us-gov-virginia.azure
Canada Central (Toronto)

xy12345.canada-central.azure
West Europe (Netherlands)

xy12345.west-europe.azure
Switzerland North (Zurich)

xy12345.switzerland-north.azure
Southeast Asia (Singapore)

xy12345.southeast-asia.azure
Australia East (New South Wales)

xy12345.australia-east.azure

Important

If either of the following conditions is true, your account name is different than the structure described in this example:

  • If your Snowflake Edition is VPS, please contact Snowflake Support for details about your account name.

  • If AWS PrivateLink is enabled for your account, your account name requires an additional privatelink segment. For more details, see AWS PrivateLink & Snowflake.

method

POST

query parameters

Parameter

Data Type

Required

Description

grant_type

String

Yes

Type of grant requested: . authorization_code indicates that an authorization code should be exchanged for an access token. . refresh_token indicates a request to refresh an access token.

code

String

Yes

Authorization code returned from the token endpoint. Used and required when grant_type is set to authorization_code.

refresh_token

String

Yes

Refresh token returned from an earlier request to the token endpoint when redeeming the authorization code. Used and required when grant_type is set to refresh_token.

redirect_uri

String

Yes

Redirect URI as specified in the security integration (see Step 1: Create an OAuth Integration) and used in the authorization URL when requesting an authorization code. Used and required when grant_type is set to authorization_code.

code_verifier

String

No

Required only if the authorization request was sent to the Authorization Endpoint with a code_challenge parameter value. Code verifier for PKCE. For more information, see Proof Key for Code Exchange (in this topic).

The client ID and client secret must be included in the authorization header. Currently, Snowflake only supports the Basic Authentication Scheme, which means that the value expected is in the following form:

Basic Base64(client_id:client_secret)

Where:

Parameter

Data Type

Required

Description

client_id

String

Yes

Client ID of the integration.

client_secret

String

Yes

Client secret for the integration.

Both the client ID and client secret can be retrieved using the SYSTEM$SHOW_OAUTH_CLIENT_SECRETS function.

Note the : character between client_id and client_secret.

post body

A JSON object is returned with the following attributes:

Parameter

Data Type

Description

access_token

String

Access token used to establish a Snowflake session

refresh_token

String

Refresh token. Not issued if the client is configured to not issue refresh tokens or if the user did not consent to the refresh_token scope.

expires_in

Integer

Number of seconds remaining until the token expires

token_type

String

Access token type. Currently, always Bearer.

username

String

Username that the access token belongs to. Currently only returned when exchanging an authorization code for an access token.

Ensure that the content-type header in the POST message is set as follows:

Content-type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded

Successful Response Example

The following example shows a successful response when exchanging an authorization code for an access and refresh token:

{
  "access_token":  "ACCESS_TOKEN",
  "expires_in": 600,
  "refresh_token": "REFRESH_TOKEN",
  "token_type": "Bearer",
  "username": "user1",
}

Unsuccessful Response Example

The following example shows an unsuccessful response:

{
  "data" : null,
  "message" : "This is an invalid client.",
  "code" : null,
  "success" : false,
  "error" : "invalid_client"
}

The message string value is a description of the error and error is the error type. For more information on the types of errors returned, see the Errors section (in this topic).

Proof Key for Code Exchange

Snowflake supports Proof Key for Code Exchange (PKCE) for obtaining access tokens using the authorization_code grant type as described in RFC 7636. PKCE can be used to lessen the possibility of an authorization code interception attack, and is suitable for clients that may not be able to fully keep the client secret secure.

By default, PKCE is optional and is enforced only if the code_challenge and code_challenge_method parameters are both included in the authorization endpoint URL. However, we highly recommend that your client require PKCE for all authorizations to make the OAuth flow more secure.

The following describes how PKCE for Snowflake works:

  1. The client creates a secret called the code verifier and performs a transformation on it to generate the code challenge. The client holds onto the secret.

    Important

    Generate the code verifier from the allowed ASCII characters according to Section 4.1 of RFC 7636.

  2. The client directing the user to the Authorization URL appends the following two query parameters:

    code_challenge

    Specifies the code challenge generated in Step 1.

    code_challenge_method

    Specifies the transformations used on the code verifier in Step 1 to generate the code challenge. Currently, Snowflake only supports SHA256, so this value must be set to S256. The transformation algorithm for SHA256 is BASE64URL-ENCODE(SHA256(ASCII(code_verifier))).

  3. After the user consents to the requested scopes or Snowflake determines that consent is present for that user, the authorization code is issued.

  4. The client receives the authorization code from the Snowflake authorization server, which it then submits along with the code_verifier in the request to the token endpoint.

  5. Snowflake transforms the code_verifier value and verifies that the transformed value matches the code_challenge value used when generating authorizations. If these values match, then the authorization server issues the access and refresh tokens.

Using Key Pair Authentication

Snowflake supports using key pair authentication rather than the typical username/password authentication when calling the OAuth token endpoint. This authentication method requires a 2048-bit (minimum) RSA key pair. Generate the PEM (Privacy Enhanced Mail) public-private key pair using OpenSSL. The public key is assigned to the Snowflake user who will use the Snowflake client.

To configure the public/private key pair:

  1. From the command line in a terminal window, generate a private key:

    $ openssl genrsa 2048 | openssl pkcs8 -topk8 -inform PEM -out rsa_key.p8

    OpenSSL prompts for a passphrase used to encrypt the private key file. We recommend using a strong passphrase to protect the private key. Record this passphrase. You will input it when connecting to Snowflake. Note that the passphrase is only used for protecting private key and will never be sent to Snowflake.

    Sample PEM private key

    -----BEGIN ENCRYPTED PRIVATE KEY-----
MIIE6TAbBgkqhkiG9w0BBQMwDgQILYPyCppzOwECAggABIIEyLiGSpeeGSe3xHP1
wHLjfCYycUPennlX2bd8yX8xOxGSGfvB+99+PmSlex0FmY9ov1J8H1H9Y3lMWXbL
...
-----END ENCRYPTED PRIVATE KEY-----

  2. From the command line, generate the public key by referencing the private key:

    $ openssl rsa -in rsa_key.p8 -pubout -out rsa_key.pub

    Sample PEM public key

    -----BEGIN PUBLIC KEY-----
MIIBIjANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAAOCAQ8AMIIBCgKCAQEAy+Fw2qv4Roud3l6tjPH4
zxybHjmZ5rhtCz9jppCV8UTWvEXxa88IGRIHbJ/PwKW/mR8LXdfI7l/9vCMXX4mk
...
-----END PUBLIC KEY-----

  3. Copy the public and private key files to a local directory for storage. Record the path to the files.

    Note that the private key is stored using the PKCS#8 (Public Key Cryptography Standards) format and is encrypted using the passphrase you specified in the previous step; however, the file should still be protected from unauthorized access using the file permission mechanism provided by your operating system. It is your responsibility to secure the file when it is not being used.

  4. Assign the public key to the integration object using ALTER SECURITY INTEGRATION. For example:

    ALTER SECURITY INTEGRATION myint SET OAUTH_CLIENT_RSA_PUBLIC_KEY='MIIBIjANBgkqh...';

    Note

    • Only account administrators can execute the ALTER SECURITY INTEGRATION command.

    • Exclude the public key header and footer in the command.

    Verify the public key fingerprint using DESCRIBE INTEGRATION:

    DESC SECURITY INTEGRATION myint;

+----------------------------------+---------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------+
| property                         | property_type | property_value                                                       | property_default |
|----------------------------------+---------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------|
...
| OAUTH_CLIENT_RSA_PUBLIC_KEY_FP   | String        | SHA256:MRItnbO/123abc/abcdefghijklmn12345678901234=                  |                  |
| OAUTH_CLIENT_RSA_PUBLIC_KEY_2_FP | String        |                                                                      |                  |
...
+----------------------------------+---------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------+

    Note

    The OAUTH_CLIENT_RSA_PUBLIC_KEY_2_FP property is described in Key Rotation (in this topic).

  5. Modify and execute the sample code below. The code decrypts the private key file and passes it to the Snowflake authorization server:

  • Update the security parameters:

    • <private_key>: Open the rsa_key.p8 file in a text editor, and copy the lines between:

    -----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
...
-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----

  • Update the session parameters:

    • <account_name>: Specifies the full name of your account (provided by Snowflake).

  • Update the JSON Web Token (JWT) fields:

    post body

    A JSON object with the following standard fields (“claims”):

    Attribute

    Data Type

    Required”

    Description

    iss

    String

    Yes

    Specifies the principal that issued the JWT in the format client_id.public_key_fp where client_id is the client ID of the OAuth client integration and public_key_fp is the fingerprint of the public key that is used during verification.

    sub

    String

    Yes

    Subject of the JWT in the format account_name.client_id where account_name is the full name of your Snowflake account and client_id is the client ID of the OAuth client integration. Depending on the cloud platform (AWS or Azure) and region where your account is hosted, the full account name may require additional segments. For more information, see the account variable description under Token Endpoint.

    iat

    Timestamp

    No

    Time when the token was issued.

    exp

    Timestamp

    Yes

    Time when the token should expire. This period should be relatively short (e.g. a few minutes).

Sample code

import datetime
import json
import urllib

import jwt
import requests

private_key = """
-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
<private_key>
-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----"""

public_key_fp = "SHA256:MR..."


def _make_request(payload, encoded_jwt_token):
    token_url = "https://<account_name>.snowflakecomputing.com/oauth/token-request"
    headers = {
            u'Authorization': "Bearer %s" % (encoded_jwt_token),
            u'content-type': u'application/x-www-form-urlencoded'
    }
    r = requests.post(
            token_url,
            headers=headers,
            data=urllib.urlencode(payload))
    return r.json()


def make_request_for_access_token(oauth_az_code, encoded_jwt_token):
    """ Given an Authorization Code, make a request for an Access Token
    and a Refresh Token."""
    payload = {
        'grant_type': 'authorization_code',
        'code': oauth_az_code
    }
    return _make_request(payload, encoded_jwt_token)


def make_request_for_refresh_token(refresh_token, encoded_jwt_token):
    """ Given a Refresh Token, make a request for another Access Token."""
    payload = {
        'grant_type': 'refresh_token',
        'refresh_token': refresh_token
    }
    return _make_request(payload, encoded_jwt_token)


def main():
    account_name = "<account_name>"
    client_id = "1234"  # found by running DESC SECURITY INTEGRATION
    issuer = "{}.{}".format(client_id, public_key_fp)
    subject = "{}.{}".format(account_name, client_id)
    payload = {
        'iss': issuer,
        'sub': subject,
        'iat': datetime.datetime.utcnow(),
        'exp': datetime.datetime.utcnow() + datetime.timedelta(seconds=30)
    }
    encoded_jwt_token = jwt.encode(
            payload,
            private_key,
            algorithm='RS256')

    data = make_request_for_access_token(oauth_az_code, encoded_jwt_token)
    refresh_token = data['refresh_token']
    data = make_request_for_refresh_token(refresh_token, encoded_jwt_token)
    access_token = data['access_token']


if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

After the token is created, submit it in requests to the token endpoint. Requests require the Bearer authorization format as the authorization header instead of the basic authorization format normally used for the client ID and client secret, as follows:

"Authorization: Bearer JWT_TOKEN"

Key Rotation

Snowflake supports multiple active keys to allow for uninterrupted rotation. Rotate and replace your public and private keys based on the expiration schedule you follow internally.

Currently, you can use the OAUTH_CLIENT_RSA_PUBLIC_KEY and OAUTH_CLIENT_RSA_PUBLIC_KEY_2 parameters for ALTER SECURITY INTEGRATION to associate up to 2 public keys with a single user.

To rotate your keys:

  1. Complete the steps in Using Key Pair Authentication (in this topic):

    • Generate a new private and public key set.

    • Assign the public key to the integration. Set the public key value to either OAUTH_CLIENT_RSA_PUBLIC_KEY or OAUTH_CLIENT_RSA_PUBLIC_KEY_2 (whichever key value is not currently in use). For example:

      alter integration myint set oauth_client_rsa_public_key_2='JERUEHtcve...';

  2. Update the code to connect to Snowflake. Specify the new private key.

    Snowflake verifies the correct active public key for authentication based on the submitted private key.

  3. Remove the old public key from the integration. For example:

    alter integration myint unset rsa_public_key;

Errors

The following are error codes associated with OAuth that can be returned during the authorization flow, the token exchange, or when creating a Snowflake session after completing the OAuth flow:

Error Code

Error

Description

390302

OAUTH_CONSENT_INVALID

Issue generating or validating consent for a given user.

390303

OAUTH_ACCESS_TOKEN_INVALID

Access token provided used when attempting to create a Snowflake session is expired or invalid.

390304

OAUTH_AUTHORIZE_INVALID_RESPONSE_TYPE

Invalid response_type was provided as a parameter to the authorization endpoint (it should most likely be code).

390305

OAUTH_AUTHORIZE_INVALID_STATE_LENGTH

State parameter provided as a parameter to the authorization endpoint exceeds 2048 characters.

390306

OAUTH_AUTHORIZE_INVALID_CLIENT_ID

Integration associated with a provided client id does not exist.

390307

OAUTH_AUTHORIZE_INVALID_REDIRECT_URI

redirect_uri given as a parameter to the authorization endpoint does not match the redirect_uri of the integration associated with the provided client_id or the redirect_uri is not properly formatted.

390308

OAUTH_AUTHORIZE_INVALID_SCOPE

Either the scope requested is not a valid scope, or the scopes requested cannot fully be granted to the user.

Additionally, the following errors are taken from the RFC and are returned in the JSON blob generated during an unsuccessful token request or exchange:

Error

Description

invalid_client

there was a failure relating to client authentication, such as the client being unknown, a client secret mismatch, etc.

invalid_grant

The provided authorization grant or refresh token is invalid, expired, revoked, does not match the redirection URI used in the authorization request, or was issued to another client.

unsupported_grant_type

a grant type was provided that Snowflake currently does not support (“refresh_token” and “authorization_code” are the only two supported grant types at the moment).

invalid_request

The request was malformed or could not be processed.