Access Control Privileges¶

This topic describes the privileges that are available in the Snowflake access control model. Privileges are granted to roles, and roles are granted to users, to specify the operations that the users can perform on objects in the system.

In this Topic:

All Privileges (Alphabetical)
Global Privileges
User and Role Privileges
Resource Monitor Privileges
Virtual Warehouse Privileges
Integration Privileges
Database Privileges
Schema Privileges
Table Privileges
External Table Privileges
View Privileges
Stage Privileges
File Format Privileges
Pipe Privileges
Stream Privileges
Task Privileges
Masking Policy Privileges
Other Database Object Privileges (Sequences, UDFs)

All Privileges (Alphabetical)¶

The following privileges are available in the Snowflake access control model. The meaning of each privilege varies depending on the object type to which it is applied, and not all objects support all privileges:

Privilege	Object Type	Description
ALL [ PRIVILEGES ]	All	Grants all the privileges for the specified object type.
APPLY MASKING POLICY	Global	Grants ability to set a Column-level Security masking policy on a table or view column.
CREATE <object_type>	Global , Database , Schema	Grants ability to create an object of <object_type> (e.g. CREATE TABLE grants the ability to create a table within a schema).
CREATE ACCOUNT	Global	Grants ability to create managed accounts; currently applies only to data providers creating reader accounts for sharing data with consumers.
CREATE SHARE	Global	Grants ability to create shares; applies to data providers for sharing data with other accounts.
DELETE	Table	Grants ability to execute a DELETE command on the table.
EXECUTE TASK	Global	Grants ability to run any tasks owned by the role.
IMPORT SHARE	Global	Grants ability to view shares shared with your account and create databases from the shares; applies to data consumers.
OVERRIDE SHARE RESTRICTIONS	Global	Grants ability to set value for the SHARE_RESTRICTIONS parameter which enables a Business Critical provider account to add a consumer account (with Non-Business Critical edition) to a share. For more details, see Enabling Sharing from a Business Critical Account to a non-Business Critical Account.
IMPORTED PRIVILEGES	Table	Grants ability to enable roles other than the owning role to access a shared database; applies only to shared databases.
INSERT	Table	Grants ability to execute an INSERT command on the table.
MANAGE GRANTS	Global	Grants ability to grant or revoke privileges on any object as if the invoking role were the owner of the object.
MODIFY	Resource Monitor , Warehouse , Database , Schema	Grants ability to change the settings or properties of an object (e.g. on a virtual warehouse, provides the ability to change the size of a virtual warehouse).
MONITOR	Resource Monitor , Warehouse , Database , Schema, Task	Grants ability to see details within an object (e.g. queries and usage within a warehouse).
MONITOR EXECUTION	Global	Grants ability to monitor runs of any tasks in the account.
MONITOR USAGE	Global	Grants ability to monitor account-level usage and historical information for databases and warehouses; for more details, see Enabling Non-Account Administrators to Monitor Usage and Billing History. Additionally grants ability to view managed accounts using SHOW MANAGED ACCOUNTS.
OPERATE	Warehouse, Task	Grants ability to start, stop, suspend, or resume a virtual warehouse. Grants ability to suspend or resume a task.
OWNERSHIP	All	Grants ability to delete, alter, and grant or revoke access to an object. Required to rename an object. OWNERSHIP is a special privilege on an object that is automatically granted to the role that created the object, but can also be transferred using the GRANT OWNERSHIP command to a different role by the owning role (or any role with the MANAGE GRANTS privilege).
REFERENCES	Table	Grants ability to reference a table as the unique/primary key table for a foreign key constraint.
SELECT	Table , External table, View, Stream	Grants ability to execute a SELECT statement on the table/view.
TRUNCATE	Table	Grants ability to execute a TRUNCATE TABLE command on the table.
UPDATE	Table	Grants ability to execute an UPDATE command on the table.
USAGE	Warehouse , Database , Schema	Grants ability to execute a USE <object> command on the object; also grants ability to execute a SHOW <objects> command on the objects within a database or schema; however, a contained object is only listed in the output if the executing role also has at least one privilege on the object.

The remaining sections in this topic describe the specific privileges available for each type of object and their usage.

Global Privileges¶

Privilege	Usage	Notes
APPLY MASKING POLICY	Global	Grants ability to set a Column-level Security masking policy on a table or view column.
CREATE USER	Enables creating a new user.
CREATE ROLE	Enables creating a new role.
MANAGE GRANTS	Enables modifying grants on objects for which the role is not the owner.
CREATE WAREHOUSE	Enables creating a new virtual warehouse.	Must be granted by the ACCOUNTADMIN role.
CREATE DATABASE	Enables creating a new database or create a clone of an existing database.	Must be granted by the ACCOUNTADMIN role.
CREATE INTEGRATION	Enables creating a new notification, security, or storage integration.	Must be granted by the ACCOUNTADMIN role.
EXECUTE TASK	Grants ability to run any tasks owned by the role.	Must be granted by the ACCOUNTADMIN role.
MONITOR EXECUTION	Grants ability to monitor runs of any tasks in the account.	Must be granted by the ACCOUNTADMIN role.
CREATE SHARE	Enables a data provider to create a new share. For more details, see Enabling non-ACCOUNTADMIN Roles to Perform Data Sharing Tasks.	Must be granted by the ACCOUNTADMIN role.
IMPORT SHARE	Enables a data consumer to view shares shared with their account and create databases from the shares. For more details, see Enabling non-ACCOUNTADMIN Roles to Perform Data Sharing Tasks.	Must be granted by the ACCOUNTADMIN role.
OVERRIDE SHARE RESTRICTIONS	Grants ability to set value for the SHARE_RESTRICTIONS parameter which enables a Business Critical provider account to add a consumer account (with Non-Business Critical edition) to a share.	For more details, see Enabling Sharing from a Business Critical Account to a non-Business Critical Account.
CREATE ACCOUNT	Enables a data provider to create a new managed account (i.e. reader account). For more details, see Managing Reader Accounts.	Must be granted by the ACCOUNTADMIN role.
MONITOR USAGE	Grants ability to monitor account-level usage and historical information for databases and warehouses; for more details, see Enabling Non-Account Administrators to Monitor Usage and Billing History. Additionally grants ability to view managed accounts using SHOW MANAGED ACCOUNTS.	Must be granted by the ACCOUNTADMIN role.
ALL [ PRIVILEGES ]	Grants all global privileges.

User and Role Privileges¶

Privilege	Usage
OWNERSHIP	Grants full control over a user/role.
MONITOR	User only. Grants ability to view the login history for the user.

Resource Monitor Privileges¶

Privilege	Usage
MODIFY	Enables altering any properties of a resource monitor, such as changing the monthly credit quota.
MONITOR	Enables viewing a resource monitor.

Virtual Warehouse Privileges¶

Privilege	Usage
MODIFY	Enables altering any properties of a warehouse, including changing its size.
MONITOR	Enables viewing current and past queries executed on a warehouse as well as usage statistics on that warehouse.
OPERATE	Enables changing the state of a warehouse (stop, start, suspend, resume) as well as abort any executing queries.
USAGE	Enables using a virtual warehouse and, as a result, execute queries on the warehouse.
ALL [ PRIVILEGES ]	Grants all privileges, except OWNERSHIP, on the warehouse.
OWNERSHIP	Transfers ownership of a warehouse, which gives full control over the warehouse.

Integration Privileges¶

Privilege	Usage
USAGE	Enables referencing the storage integration when creating a stage (using CREATE STAGE) or modifying a stage (using ALTER STAGE).
USE_ANY_ROLE	Allows the External OAuth client or user to switch roles only if this privilege is granted to the client or user. Configure the External OAuth security integration to use the `EXTERNAL_OAUTH_ANY_ROLE_MODE` parameter using CREATE SECURITY INTEGRATION or ALTER SECURITY INTEGRATION.

Database Privileges¶

Privilege	Usage
MODIFY	Enables altering any settings of a database.
MONITOR	Enables performing the DESCRIBE command on the database.
USAGE	Enables using a database. Additional privileges are required to view or take actions on objects in a database.
CREATE SCHEMA	Enables creating a new schema in a database, including cloning a schema.
IMPORTED PRIVILEGES	Enables roles other than the owning role to access a shared database; applies only to shared databases.
ALL [ PRIVILEGES ]	Grants all privileges, except OWNERSHIP, on a database.
OWNERSHIP	Transfers ownership of a database, which grants full control over the database.

Note that changing the properties of a database, including comments, requires the OWNERSHIP privilege for the database.

Schema Privileges¶

Privilege	Usage
MODIFY	Enables altering any settings of a schema.
MONITOR	Enables performing the DESCRIBE command on the schema.
USAGE	Enables using a schema, including executing SHOW SCHEMAS commands to list the schema details in a database.
	To execute SHOW <objects> commands for objects (tables, views, stages, file formats, sequences, pipes, or functions) in the schema, a role must have at least one privilege granted on the object.
CREATE TABLE	Enables creating a new table in a schema, including cloning a table.
CREATE EXTERNAL TABLE	Enables creating a new external table in a schema.
CREATE VIEW	Enables creating a new view in a schema.
CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW	Enables creating a new materialized view in a schema.
CREATE MASKING POLICY	Enables creating a new Column-level Security masking policy in a schema.
CREATE STAGE	Enables creating a new stage in a schema, including cloning a stage.
CREATE FILE FORMAT	Enables creating a new file format in a schema, including cloning a file format.
CREATE SEQUENCE	Enables creating a new sequence in a schema, including cloning a sequence.
CREATE FUNCTION	Enables creating a new UDF or external function in a schema.
CREATE PIPE	Enables creating a new pipe in a schema.
CREATE STREAM	Enables creating a new stream in a schema, including cloning a stream.
CREATE TASK	Enables creating a new task in a schema, including cloning a task.
CREATE PROCEDURE	Enables creating a new stored procedure in a schema.
ALL [ PRIVILEGES ]	Grants all privileges, except OWNERSHIP, on a schema.
OWNERSHIP	Transfers ownership of a schema, which grants full control over the schema.

Note

Changing the properties of a schema, including comments, requires the OWNERSHIP privilege for the database.
Operating on a schema also requires the USAGE privilege on the parent database.

Table Privileges¶

Privilege	Usage
SELECT	Enables executing a SELECT statement on a table.
INSERT	Enables executing an INSERT command on a table. Also enables using the ALTER TABLE command with a `RECLUSTER` clause to manually recluster a table with a clustering key.
UPDATE	Enables executing an UPDATE command on a table.
TRUNCATE	Enables executing a TRUNCATE TABLE command on a table.
DELETE	Enables executing a DELETE command on a table.
REFERENCES	Enables referencing a table as the unique/primary key table for a foreign key constraint.
ALL [ PRIVILEGES ]	Grants all privileges, except OWNERSHIP, on a table.
OWNERSHIP	Transfers ownership of a table, which grants full control over the table. Required to alter most properties a table, with the exception of reclustering.

Note

Operating on a table also requires the USAGE privilege on the parent database and schema.

External Table Privileges¶

Privilege	Usage
SELECT	Enables executing a SELECT statement on an external table.
ALL [ PRIVILEGES ]	Grants all privileges, except OWNERSHIP, on an external table.
OWNERSHIP	Transfers ownership of a view, which grants full control over the external table; required to refresh an external table.

Note

Operating on an external table also requires the USAGE privilege on the parent database and schema.

View Privileges¶

The following privileges apply to both standard and materialized views.

Privilege	Usage
SELECT	Enables executing a SELECT statement on a view.
ALL [ PRIVILEGES ]	Grants all privileges, except OWNERSHIP, on a view.
OWNERSHIP	Transfers ownership of a view, which grants full control over the view. Required to alter a view.

Note

A user who has SELECT privilege on a view does not also need SELECT privilege on the tables that the view uses. This means that you can use a view to give a role access to only a subset of a table. For example, you can create a view that accesses medical billing information but not medical diagnosis information in the same table, and you can then grant privileges on that view to the “accountant” role so that the accountants can look at the billing information without seeing the patient’s diagnosis.

Operating on a view also requires the USAGE privilege on the parent database and schema.

Stage Privileges¶

Privilege	Usage
USAGE	Enables using an external stage object in a SQL statement; not applicable to internal stages.
READ	Enables performing any operations that require reading from an internal stage (GET, LIST, COPY INTO <table>, etc.); not applicable to external stages.
WRITE	Enables performing any operations that require writing to an internal stage (PUT, REMOVE, COPY INTO <location>, etc.); not applicable for external stages.
ALL [ PRIVILEGES ]	Grants all applicable privileges, except OWNERSHIP, on the stage (internal or external).
OWNERSHIP	Transfers ownership of a stage, which grants full control over the stage.

Note

When granting both the READ and WRITE privileges for an internal stage, the READ privilege must be granted before or at the same time as the WRITE privilege.
When revoking both the READ and WRITE privileges for an internal stage, the WRITE privilege must be revoked before or at the same time as the READ privilege.
Operating on a stage also requires the USAGE privilege on the parent database and schema.

File Format Privileges¶

Privilege	Usage
USAGE	Enables utilizing a file format in a SQL statement.
ALL [ PRIVILEGES ]	Grants all privileges, except OWNERSHIP, on the file format.
OWNERSHIP	Transfers ownership of a file format, which grants full control over the file format. Required to alter a file format.

Note

Operating on file formats also requires the USAGE privilege on the parent database and schema.

Pipe Privileges¶

Privilege	Usage
OWNERSHIP	Transfers ownership of a pipe, which grants full control over the pipe; required for loading data using Snowpipe.

Note

Operating on pipes also requires the USAGE privilege on the parent database and schema.

Stream Privileges¶

Privilege	Usage
SELECT	Enables executing a SELECT statement on a stream.
OWNERSHIP	Transfers ownership of a stream, which grants full control over the stream.
ALL [ PRIVILEGES ]	Grants all privileges, except OWNERSHIP, on the stream.

Task Privileges¶

Privilege	Usage
MONITOR	Enables viewing details for the task (using DESCRIBE TASK or SHOW TASKS).
OPERATE	Enables viewing details for the task (using SHOW TASKS) and resuming or suspending the task.
OWNERSHIP	Transfers ownership of a task, which grants full control over the task.

Masking Policy Privileges¶

Privilege	Usage
APPLY	Enables applying the Column-level Security masking policy unset and set operations.
OWNERSHIP	Transfers ownership of a Column-level Security masking policy, which grants full control over the masking policy. Required to alter most properties of a masking policy.

Note

Operating on a masking policy also requires the USAGE privilege on the parent database and schema.

Other Database Object Privileges (Sequences, UDFs)¶

The following privileges apply to sequences, user-defined functions (UDFs), and external functions.

Privilege	Usage
USAGE	Enables utilizing the specified object in a SQL statement.
ALL [ PRIVILEGES ]	Grants all privileges, except OWNERSHIP, on the specified object.
OWNERSHIP	Transfers ownership of the specified object, which grants full control over the object; required to alter the object.

Note

Operating on these other database objects also requires the USAGE privilege on the parent database and schema.