Working with Shares

Snowflake logo in black (no text) Provider sharing not enabled for all accounts

Provider sharing is enabled by default for most, but not all accounts.

If you encounter errors when attempting to share data with consumers, the feature may not be enabled for your account. To inquire about enabling it, please contact Snowflake Support.

This topic describes the tasks associated with a data provider account creating and configuring shares, sharing the shares with other (i.e. consumer) accounts, and performing ongoing maintenance of the shares.

You must use the ACCOUNTADMIN role (or a role granted the CREATE SHARE global privilege) to perform these tasks. For more details about the CREATE SHARE privilege, refer to Enabling non-ACCOUNTADMIN Roles to Perform Data Sharing Tasks.

The one exception to this rule is preparing your objects (database, tables, etc.) to share, which can be performed using any role.

Data Sharing and Business Critical Accounts

If you have Business Critical account, please note the following conditions for sharing data with other (i.e. consumer) accounts:

Provider

Consumer

Supported

Enabled

Notes

Business Critical (with HIPAA and HITRUST)

to

Business Critical (with HIPAA and HITRUST)

✔

✔

Both HIPAA accounts should have a signed BAA with each other.

Business Critical (with HIPAA and HITRUST)

to

All other editions

✔

For more information, see Enabling Sharing from a Business Critical Account to a non-Business Critical Account.

Business Critical

to

Business Critical or Business Critical (with HIPAA and HITRUST)

✔

✔

Business Critical

to

All other editions

✔

For more information, see Enabling Sharing from a Business Critical Account to a non-Business Critical Account.

For all other Snowflake Editions:

  • VPS (Virtual Private Snowflake) does not support Secure Data Sharing due to the current limitations against sharing data across regions.

  • Standard and Enterprise Editions support Secure Data Sharing with the usual caveats.

For more details, see General Data Sharing Considerations and Usage (in this topic).

Attention

Snowflake is not responsible for ensuring that HIPAA (and HITRUST) accounts who engage in data sharing have a signed BAA with each other; this is at the discretion of the accounts that are sharing data. Note that failure to have a signed BAA may impact the HIPAA (and HITRUST) compliance of both accounts, particularly the provider account.

Also, if you have Business Critical account, to maintain the expected level of data protection provided by Business Critical, we strongly recommend considering the following before requesting Snowflake to enable Secure Data Sharing with non-Business Critical accounts:

  • Do not share sensitive data with non-Business Critical accounts.

  • Consider creating a second, non-Business Critical account where you store less sensitive data and share this data with non-Business Critical accounts.

  • If you are using Tri-Secret Secure with your Business Critical account and you share data with other accounts, Snowflake treats the data access from these accounts as if the access occurred from within your own account. Specifically, granting access to the consumer account may require Snowflake to access your AWS KMS.

These are only recommendations and are not enforced by Snowflake. The decision to share data is always at the discretion of the data provider and Snowflake does not assume any responsibility for data that is improperly shared.

Web Interface for Shares

If you have the ACCOUNTADMIN role (or have a role that has been granted the CREATE SHARE privilege), you can use Snowsight or the Shares Shares tab page in Classic Console to perform most tasks related to creating and managing shares.

Shares page in the Classic Console

For details about creating and managing shares in Snowsight, refer to Share and Manage Shared Data using Snowsight.

The tasks you can perform depend on whether the share is Outbound or Inbound.

Outbound Shares (Providers)

Outbound shares are created by your account for the purposes of sharing data with consumer accounts. In the web interface, you can perform the following tasks for outbound shares:

  • View the shares you have created or have privileges to access. The information provided includes the database for the share and the consumer accounts (if any) that have been added to the share.

  • Create a share.

  • Add consumer accounts to a share. When you add accounts, you can choose to add full or reader accounts. You can also choose to create a reader account on-the-spot and then add it to the share.

  • Edit a share, including:

    • View the objects in the share.

    • Add or remove tables or secure views to/from the share.

      Note

      The web interface does not currently support adding or removing external tables, secure materialized views, or secure UDFs to/from shares. All management of these objects in shares must be performed using SQL.

      Important

      If you plan to securely share data with data consumers across different regions or cloud platforms, note that currently, replicating a primary database is blocked if one or more external tables exist in the database.

    • Revoke access to the share for individual consumer accounts.

  • Drop a share, which immediately invalidates all databases created by consumers for the share.

Inbound Shares (Consumers)

Inbound shares are shared with your account by provider accounts. In the web interface, you can perform the following tasks for inbound shares:

  • Viewing all shares from providers (including who provided the share and whether a database has been created from it in your account).

  • Creating a database from a share.

Once a database has been created for a share, all other tasks that you perform on the database (e.g. dropping the database) are done from the Databases Databases tab page.

DDL for Shares

To support creating and managing shares, Snowflake provides the following set of special DDL commands:

To support creating and managing database roles, Snowflake provides the following set of special DDL commands:

In addition, providers can view, grant, or revoke access to database objects in a share using the following standard access control DDL:

General Data Sharing Considerations and Usage

Note the following important usage details for creating and maintaining shares:

  • You can share data across regions and cloud platforms. For more information, see Sharing Data Securely Across Regions and Cloud Platforms.

  • A share can include data from multiple databases. For more information, see Sharing Data from Multiple Databases.

  • For data security and privacy reasons, only secure views are supported in shares at this time. If a standard view is added to a share, Snowflake returns an error.

  • Creating secure views on streams in your database and then sharing those views with consumers is not recommended. This scenario requires the ability to modify a stream in another account, which is not a supported operation and is therefore an anti-pattern. Instead, allow consumers to create their own streams on the tables and secure views that you share. For more information, see Streams on Shared Objects (in this topic).

  • Adding accounts to a share immediately makes the share available to consume by the accounts.

  • If sharing tables from the same database via different shares with the same consumer account, when the consumer creates a database from one of the shares, all shared tables are visible in the imported database. To prevent this from happening, create a separate schema for each table you wish to share.

  • New and modified rows in tables in a share (or in tables referenced by a view in a share) are available immediately to all consumers who have created a database from the share. Keep this in mind when updating these tables.

  • A new object created in a database in a share is not automatically available to consumers.

    To make the object available to consumers, you must use the GRANT <privilege> … TO SHARE command to explicitly add the object to the share.

    Note

    This also applies to objects that have been dropped from a database and then recreated with the same name in the database; the recreated object is treated as a new object and is, therefore, not accessible until the object has been explicitly granted the necessary privileges in the share.

Preparing to Create a Share

Before creating a share, Snowflake recommends identifying the Snowflake objects you plan to share:

  • Database

  • Tables

  • External tables

  • Secure views

  • Secure materialized views

  • Secure UDFs

This may require some additional planning and administrative tasks, particularly if you decide to share only a subset of data in any of your tables.

Database and Tables

Little or no preparation is required to share a database. Similarly, if you choose to share entire tables in a database, no preparation is required.

However, if you decide to filter the data in a table (or set of tables), either based on certain conditions, or by consumer account, you will need to create one or more secure views on the table(s).

Secure Objects (Views, Materialized Views and UDFs)

To provide strict control of access to data in a shared database, you must use secure views, secure materialized views and/or secure UDFs. For example, you can choose to filter data by date or some other condition, or you can decide to use a single share to partition shared data for different consumer accounts. Secure objects enable you to dictate the level of granularity you wish to apply to your data while ensuring that the base tables and business logic are protected from exposure.

Secure objects are defined similar to standard objects, using either the corresponding CREATE <object> or ALTER <object> commands. However, note the following important usage information:

  • Secure objects that reference tables by their fully-qualified names (i.e. <db_name>.<schema_name>.<table_name>) can be included in a share; however, you must ensure that the referenced database name matches the database for the share.

  • Do not include secure objects that use the CURRENT_USER or CURRENT_ROLE functions in their definition. The contextual values returned by these functions have no relevance in a consumer’s account and will cause the object to fail when queried/used.

  • When defining a secure object to share with consumer accounts, a key/vital additional step to perform is validating that the object is configured correctly to display only the data you wish to display. This is particularly important if you wish to limit data access based on the account the data is shared with.

    To facilitate performing this validation, Snowflake provides the SIMULATED_DATA_SHARING_CONSUMER session parameter.

    At this time, the SIMULATED_DATA_SHARING_CONSUMER session parameter only supports secure views and secure materialized views, but does not support secure UDFs. Setting this parameter in a session enables you to simulate querying a secure view as a user in any of the consumer account(s) you plan to share the view with.

    For example, for a consumer account named xy12345:

    ALTER SESSION SET SIMULATED_DATA_SHARING_CONSUMER = xy12345;
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For a detailed example, see Using Secure Objects to Control Data Access.

Streams on Shared Objects

Data consumers can create streams in their own databases that record data manipulation language (DML) changes made to the source tables or views.

Enabling Data Consumers to Create Table Streams on Shared Tables

In order for data consumers to create streams on shared tables or secure views, you must enable change tracking on the shared tables or the underlying tables for a shared view.

In addition, the data retention period should be extended for the tables.

Enable change tracking

Currently, when the first stream for a local table is created, a pair of hidden columns are automatically added to the table and begin storing change tracking metadata. This change is not possible for shared tables, because a consumer of a share cannot modify the source database. Instead, to enable change tracking for tables intended for sharing, execute ALTER TABLE … CHANGE_TRACKING = TRUE on each of the tables.

Extend the data retention period for the table

When a stream on a local table is not consumed regularly, Snowflake temporarily extends the data retention period for the source table to help avoid staleness.

A stream on a shared table does not extend the data retention period for the table. Likewise, a stream on a shared view does not extend the data retention period for the underlying tables. To manually specify a longer data retention period for any shared table, or any underlying table for a shared view, set the DATA_RETENTION_TIME_IN_DAYS parameter for the table.

The CHANGE_TRACKING and DATA_RETENTION_TIME_IN_DAYS parameters can be set when creating a table (using CREATE TABLE) or later (using ALTER TABLE).

Creating a Share Using SQL

To create a share using SQL:

  1. Use the CREATE SHARE command to create an empty share.

  2. Use the GRANT <privilege> … TO SHARE command to add a database to the share and then selectively grant access to specific database objects (schemas, tables and secure views) to the share.

  3. Use the ALTER SHARE command to add one or more accounts access to the share.

Note

The following steps assume a provider account named prvdr1 is sharing data with two consumer accounts named xy12345 and yz23456.

Step 1: Create the Empty Share

The following example creates an empty share named sales_s:

CREATE SHARE sales_s;
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Step 2: Grant Privileges for a Database and Objects to the Share

Add objects (database, schema, tables, secure views, etc.) to the share. You can choose to either add privileges on these objects to a share via a database role, or grant privileges on the objects directly to the share. For more information on these options, see Choosing How to Share Database Objects.

Option 1

The following example illustrates creating a database role, granting privileges on the following objects to the database role, and then granting the database role to the sales_s share created in the previous step:

  • sales_db (database)

  • aggregates_eula (schema)

  • aggregate_1 (table)

CREATE DATABASE ROLE sales_db.dr1;

GRANT USAGE ON DATABASE sales_db TO DATABASE ROLE sales_db.dr1;

GRANT USAGE ON SCHEMA sales_db.aggregates_eula TO DATABASE ROLE sales_db.dr1;

GRANT SELECT ON TABLE sales_db.aggregates_eula.aggregate_1 TO DATABASE ROLE sales_db.dr1;

GRANT USAGE ON DATABASE sales_db TO SHARE sales_s;

GRANT DATABASE ROLE sales_db.dr1 TO SHARE sales_s;
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Option 2

To include objects in the share, grant privileges on each object. When granting privileges, first grant usage on any container objects before granting usage on the objects in the container. For example, grant usage on a database before granting usage on any schemas contained in the database.

Note

Perform this task before adding accounts to the share. Attempting to add an account before granting usage on a database results in an error.

The following example illustrates granting privileges on the following objects to the sales_s share created in the previous step:

  • sales_db (database)

  • aggregates_eula (schema)

  • aggregate_1 (table)

GRANT USAGE ON DATABASE sales_db TO SHARE sales_s;

GRANT USAGE ON SCHEMA sales_db.aggregates_eula TO SHARE sales_s;

GRANT SELECT ON TABLE sales_db.aggregates_eula.aggregate_1 TO SHARE sales_s;
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To confirm the contents of the share:

SHOW GRANTS TO SHARE sales_s;

+-------------------------------+-----------+------------+--------------------------------------+------------+----------------+--------------+--------------+
| created_on                    | privilege | granted_on | name                                 | granted_to | grantee_name   | grant_option | granted_by   |
|-------------------------------+-----------+------------+--------------------------------------+------------+----------------+--------------+--------------|
| 2017-06-15 16:45:07.307 -0700 | USAGE     | DATABASE   | SALES_DB                             | SHARE      | PRVDR1.SALES_S | false        | ACCOUNTADMIN |
| 2017-06-15 16:45:10.310 -0700 | USAGE     | SCHEMA     | SALES_DB.AGGREGATES_EULA             | SHARE      | PRVDR1.SALES_S | false        | ACCOUNTADMIN |
| 2017-06-15 16:45:12.312 -0700 | SELECT    | TABLE      | SALES_DB.AGGREGATES_EULA.AGGREGATE_1 | SHARE      | PRVDR1.SALES_S | false        | ACCOUNTADMIN |
+-------------------------------+-----------+------------+--------------------------------------+------------+----------------+--------------+--------------+
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This ensures that the share is correctly configured before making it available to other accounts to consume.

Step 3: Add Accounts to the Share

Attention

If you have a Business Critical account and are sharing data with consumer accounts:

  • Snowflake supports sharing sensitive data with non-Business Critical accounts (disabled by default), but does not encourage doing so.

  • To ensure compliance with HIPAA and HITRUST requirements, Snowflake does not allow HIPAA accounts to share data with non-HIPAA accounts.

  • If you are using Tri-Secret Secure data protection, note that Snowflake treats data access from consumer accounts as if the access occurred from within your own account.

For more information about these recommendations and restrictions, see Data Sharing and Business Critical Accounts.

The following example adds two accounts to the sales_s share:

ALTER SHARE sales_s ADD ACCOUNTS=xy12345, yz23456;
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Accounts xy12345 and yz23456 are now able to see the share and create a database from it.

Note

When adding accounts to a share, if the accounts do not exist, the command completes successfully, but no updates are made to the share. To ensure the share is properly updated, make sure the accounts exist and you’ve entered the names correctly.

Use SHOW SHARES to confirm the share. The output of the command lists the sales_s share. The kind column indicates that the share is OUTBOUND, meaning this share is sharing a database with other Snowflake accounts. The to column lists all accounts to which the share has been made available:

SHOW SHARES;

+-------------------------------+----------+-------------------------+-----------------------+------------------+--------------+----------------------------------------+
| created_on                    | kind     | name                    | database_name         | to               | owner        | comment                                |
|-------------------------------+----------+-------------------------+-----------------------+------------------+--------------+----------------------------------------|
| 2016-07-09 19:18:09.821 -0700 | INBOUND  | SFC_SAMPLES.SAMPLE_DATA | SNOWFLAKE_SAMPLE_DATA |                  |              | Sample data sets provided by Snowflake |
| 2017-06-15 17:02:29.625 -0700 | OUTBOUND | PRVDR1.SALES_S          | SALES_DB              | XY12345, YZ23456 | ACCOUNTADMIN |                                        |
+-------------------------------+----------+-------------------------+-----------------------+------------------+--------------+----------------------------------------+
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Maintaining Shares Using SQL

Viewing Consumers Who Have Created Databases from Shares

To see the accounts that have created databases from a share, use the SHOW GRANTS OF SHARE command. This is different from the list of accounts returned by SHOW SHARES:

  • SHOW SHARES lists all shares that are available to accounts, as well as the accounts that are able to access each share.

  • SHOW GRANTS OF SHARE lists all accounts that have created a database from the share. If no accounts have created a database from the share, the results are empty.

For example, the following example shows:

  • Two shares, prvdr1.sales_s and prvdr1.sales_s2 have been made available to accounts xy12345 and yz23456.

  • Account xy12345 has created a database from the prvdr1.sales_s share.

  • No accounts have created databases from the prvdr1.sales_s2 share.

SHOW SHARES;

+-------------------------------+----------+-------------------------+-----------------------+------------------+--------------+----------------------------------------+
| created_on                    | kind     | name                    | database_name         | to               | owner        | comment                                |
|-------------------------------+----------+-------------------------+-----------------------+------------------+--------------+----------------------------------------|
| 2016-07-09 19:18:09.821 -0700 | INBOUND  | SFC_SAMPLES.SAMPLE_DATA | SNOWFLAKE_SAMPLE_DATA |                  |              | Sample data sets provided by Snowflake |
| 2017-06-15 17:02:29.625 -0700 | OUTBOUND | PRVDR1.SALES_S          | SALES_DB              | XY12345, YZ23456 | ACCOUNTADMIN |                                        |
| 2017-06-15 17:02:29.625 -0700 | OUTBOUND | PRVDR1.SALES_S2         | SALES_DB              | XY12345, YZ23456 | ACCOUNTADMIN |                                        |
+-------------------------------+----------+-------------------------+-----------------------+------------------+--------------+----------------------------------------+

SHOW GRANTS OF SHARE sales_s;

+-------------------------------+----------------+------------+----------+
| created_on                    | share          | granted_to | account  |
|-------------------------------+----------------+------------+----------|
| 2017-06-15 18:00:03.803 -0700 | PRVDR1.SALES_S | ACCOUNT    | XY12345  |
+-------------------------------+----------------+------------+----------+

SHOW GRANTS OF SHARE sales_s2;

+------------+-------+------------+---------+
| created_on | share | granted_to | account |
|------------+-------+------------+---------|
+------------+-------+------------+---------+
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Adding Objects to a Share

You can add objects to an existing share at any time using the GRANT <privilege> … TO SHARE command. Any objects that you add to a share are instantly available to the consumers accounts who have created databases from the share. For example, if you add a table to a share, users in consumer accounts can query the data in the table as soon as the table is added to the share.

Note

  • If the schema for the object is already in the share, you only need to add the object.

  • If the schema for the object is not already in the share, you need to first add the schema and then the object.

The following example adds a secure view named agg_secure in the aggregates_eula schema to the sales_s share:

SHOW GRANTS TO SHARE sales_s;

+-------------------------------+-----------+------------+--------------------------------------+------------+----------------+--------------+--------------+
| created_on                    | privilege | granted_on | name                                 | granted_to | grantee_name   | grant_option | granted_by   |
|-------------------------------+-----------+------------+--------------------------------------+------------+----------------+--------------+--------------|
| 2017-06-15 16:45:07.307 -0700 | USAGE     | DATABASE   | SALES_DB                             | SHARE      | PRVDR1.SALES_S | false        | ACCOUNTADMIN |
| 2017-06-15 16:45:10.310 -0700 | USAGE     | SCHEMA     | SALES_DB.AGGREGATES_EULA             | SHARE      | PRVDR1.SALES_S | false        | ACCOUNTADMIN |
| 2017-06-15 16:45:12.312 -0700 | SELECT    | TABLE      | SALES_DB.AGGREGATES_EULA.AGGREGATE_1 | SHARE      | PRVDR1.SALES_S | false        | ACCOUNTADMIN |
+-------------------------------+-----------+------------+--------------------------------------+------------+----------------+--------------+--------------+

GRANT SELECT ON VIEW sales_db.aggregates_eula.agg_secure TO SHARE sales_s;

SHOW GRANTS TO SHARE sales_s;

+-------------------------------+-----------+------------+--------------------------------------+------------+----------------+--------------+--------------+
| created_on                    | privilege | granted_on | name                                 | granted_to | grantee_name   | grant_option | granted_by   |
|-------------------------------+-----------+------------+--------------------------------------+------------+----------------+--------------+--------------|
| 2017-06-15 16:45:07.307 -0700 | USAGE     | DATABASE   | SALES_DB                             | SHARE      | PRVDR1.SALES_S | false        | ACCOUNTADMIN |
| 2017-06-15 16:45:10.310 -0700 | USAGE     | SCHEMA     | SALES_DB.AGGREGATES_EULA             | SHARE      | PRVDR1.SALES_S | false        | ACCOUNTADMIN |
| 2017-06-15 16:45:12.312 -0700 | SELECT    | TABLE      | SALES_DB.AGGREGATES_EULA.AGGREGATE_1 | SHARE      | PRVDR1.SALES_S | false        | ACCOUNTADMIN |
| 2017-06-17 12:33:15.310 -0700 | SELECT    | TABLE      | SALES_DB.AGGREGATES_EULA.AGG_SECURE  | SHARE      | PRVDR1.SALES_S | false        | ACCOUNTADMIN |
+-------------------------------+-----------+------------+--------------------------------------+------------+----------------+--------------+--------------+
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Removing Objects from a Share

You can remove objects from an existing share at any time using the REVOKE <privilege> … FROM SHARE command. Any objects that you remove from a share are instantly unavailable to the consumers accounts who have created databases from the share. For example, if you remove a table from a share, users in consumer accounts can no longer query the data in the table as soon as the table is removed from the share.

The following example removes the secure view named agg_secure in the aggregates_eula schema from the sales_s share:

SHOW GRANTS TO SHARE sales_s;

+-------------------------------+-----------+------------+--------------------------------------+------------+----------------+--------------+--------------+
| created_on                    | privilege | granted_on | name                                 | granted_to | grantee_name   | grant_option | granted_by   |
|-------------------------------+-----------+------------+--------------------------------------+------------+----------------+--------------+--------------|
| 2017-06-15 16:45:07.307 -0700 | USAGE     | DATABASE   | SALES_DB                             | SHARE      | PRVDR1.SALES_S | false        | ACCOUNTADMIN |
| 2017-06-15 16:45:10.310 -0700 | USAGE     | SCHEMA     | SALES_DB.AGGREGATES_EULA             | SHARE      | PRVDR1.SALES_S | false        | ACCOUNTADMIN |
| 2017-06-15 16:45:12.312 -0700 | SELECT    | TABLE      | SALES_DB.AGGREGATES_EULA.AGGREGATE_1 | SHARE      | PRVDR1.SALES_S | false        | ACCOUNTADMIN |
| 2017-06-17 12:33:15.310 -0700 | SELECT    | TABLE      | SALES_DB.AGGREGATES_EULA.AGG_SECURE  | SHARE      | PRVDR1.SALES_S | false        | ACCOUNTADMIN |
+-------------------------------+-----------+------------+--------------------------------------+------------+----------------+--------------+--------------+

REVOKE SELECT ON VIEW sales_db.aggregates_eula.agg_secure FROM SHARE sales_s;

+-------------------------------+-----------+------------+--------------------------------------+------------+----------------+--------------+--------------+
| created_on                    | privilege | granted_on | name                                 | granted_to | grantee_name   | grant_option | granted_by   |
|-------------------------------+-----------+------------+--------------------------------------+------------+----------------+--------------+--------------|
| 2017-06-15 16:45:07.307 -0700 | USAGE     | DATABASE   | SALES_DB                             | SHARE      | PRVDR1.SALES_S | false        | ACCOUNTADMIN |
| 2017-06-15 16:45:10.310 -0700 | USAGE     | SCHEMA     | SALES_DB.AGGREGATES_EULA             | SHARE      | PRVDR1.SALES_S | false        | ACCOUNTADMIN |
| 2017-06-15 16:45:12.312 -0700 | SELECT    | TABLE      | SALES_DB.AGGREGATES_EULA.AGGREGATE_1 | SHARE      | PRVDR1.SALES_S | false        | ACCOUNTADMIN |
+-------------------------------+-----------+------------+--------------------------------------+------------+----------------+--------------+--------------+
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Adding Accounts to a Share

You can add accounts to an existing share at any time using the ALTER SHARE command. Once an account is added to the share, the share is immediately “visible” to the account and the account can create a database from the share and start querying the Snowflake objects in the database.

Removing Accounts from a Share

You can remove accounts from an existing share at any time using the ALTER SHARE command. Removing an account from a share instantly invalidates the database they created from the share. All queries and other operations that users in the account perform on the database will no longer work.

You remove an account from a share by setting a new list of accounts for the share and leaving the desired account off the list.

After removing an account from a share, you can add it back again to the share; however, this does not restore the database they created earlier from the share. They must create a new database from the share.

Note

Before removing an account from a share, consider the downstream impact it will have on the account. Because the database is instantly invalidated, all queries and other operations that users (in the account) perform on the database will stop working, which could have a significant impact on the business operations of the account.

Dropping a Share

You can drop a share at any time using the DROP SHARE command. Dropping a share instantly invalidates all databases created from the share by consumer accounts. All queries and other operations performed on these databases will no longer work.

After dropping a share, you can recreate it with the same name; however, this does not restore any of the databases created from the share by consumer accounts. The recreated share is treated as a new share and all consumer accounts must create a new database from the new share.

Note

Before dropping a share, consider the downstream impact it will have on all consumer accounts using the share.

Instead, you might want to consider removing individual objects from the share. Removed objects can be added back to a share without requiring any additional tasks on the part of the consumer accounts.

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